Python 打印：添加具有不同填充 colored颜色 的矩形

继《S answer》之后，我在这里附上了完整的代码，供后人参考:

# create discrete color scale:
colors = list('rgbako')
possible_events = np.arange(6).astype(int)
bounds = sorted(np.concatenate([possible_events, [len(possible_events)]]))
norm_bounds = [(b - bounds[0]) / (bound[-1] - bounds[0]) for b in bounds]

d_colors = []
for k in range(len(colors)):
  discrete_colors.extend([(norm_bounds[k], colors[k]), (norm_bounds[k+1], colors[k+1])])

# assume you have t, x, y, e
# create a figure with X- Y-coordinates over time, and overlay the event chart
fig = make_subplots(specs=[[{"secondary_y": True}]])
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=t, y=x, mode="lines", line=dict(color='#ff0000', width=4), name="X"), secondary_y=False)
fig.add_trace(go.Scatter(x=t, y=y, mode="lines", line=dict(color='#0000ff', width=4), name="Y"), secondary_y=False)

# add events as heatmap
fig.add_trace(go.Heatmap(z=[e], zmin=np.nanmin(possible_events), zmax=np.nanmax(possible_events),
                         x=t, y=[0, 0.5 * np.nanmin([x, y])],
                         colorscale=d_colors,
                         colorbar=dict(
                             len=0.5,
                             thickness=25,
                             tickvals=[np.mean(possible_events[k:k+2]) for k in range(len(possible_events)-1)],
                             ticktext=[e for e in possible_events]
                         )),
              secondary_y=False)

# move legend to top left
fig.update_layout(legend=dict(
    yanchor="top",
    y=0.99,
    xanchor="left",
    x=0.01
))

Here's an example output (there's also a velocity v trace there, can ignore it):