Python 如果主体仅包含更新的数据，则 Put 方法的 FastAPI pydantic 数据验证

您需要使用一个模型作为父模型，该模型将包括在POST和PUT请求之间共享的所有属性，并拥有另一个模型，该模型将仅包含id属性并且继承自父模型，而不是BaseModel，并且用于POST个请求.下面的例子基于FastAPI's documentation中给出的例子.一些相关的答案可以在here找到.

工作示例

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import Union, List

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    description:  str = "default description"
    price: Union[float, None] = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: List[str] = []
    

class ItemPost(Item):
    id: str


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},
    "baz": {"name": "Baz", "description": None, "price": 50.2, "tax": 10.5, "tags": []},
}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Union[Item,str])
async def read_item(item_id: str):
    if item_id in items:
        return items[item_id]
    else:
        return 'Item not found'
    

@app.put("/items/{item_id}", response_model=Item)
async def update_item(item_id: str, item: Item):
    update_item_encoded = jsonable_encoder(item)
    items[item_id] = update_item_encoded
    return update_item_encoded
    

@app.post("/items")
async def create_item(item: ItemPost):
    new_item_encoded = jsonable_encoder(item)
    items[item.id] = new_item_encoded
    return 'Success'

As for the query parameters, the HTTP protocol does not prevent one from using query params when sending a request using PUT, POST, etc., methods. Hence, in FastAPI, when declaring a parameter that is not part of the path URL, e.g., item_id in the example above, or explicitly declared otherwise such as Item in the exmaple earler, it is automatically considered as query parameter of type str. Have a look at this answer and this answer for more details.