我应该如何在 Dart 中测试 Future

下面是如何使用completion匹配器进行测试的完整示例.

import 'package:unittest/unittest.dart';

class Compute {
  Future<Map> sumIt(List<int> data) {
    Completer completer = new Completer();
    int sum = 0;
    data.forEach((i) => sum += i);
    completer.complete({"value" : sum});
    return completer.future;
  }
}

void main() {
  test("testing a future", () {
    Compute compute = new Compute();    
    Future<Map> future = compute.sumIt([1, 2, 3]);
    expect(future, completion(equals({"value" : 6})));
  });
}

在此代码完成之前，单元测试运行器可能无法完成.因此，单元测试似乎执行正确.对于Future，这可能需要更长的时间来完成，正确的方法是使用单元测试包中提供的completion匹配器.

/**
 * Matches a [Future] that completes succesfully with a value that matches
 * [matcher]. Note that this creates an asynchronous expectation. The call to
 * `expect()` that includes this will return immediately and execution will
 * continue. Later, when the future completes, the actual expectation will run.
 *
 * To test that a Future completes with an exception, you can use [throws] and
 * [throwsA].
 */
Matcher completion(matcher) => new _Completes(wrapMatcher(matcher));

人们会忍不住做以下事情，这将是在DART中对返回的future 进行单元测试的不正确方式.警告:以下是测试期货的错误方式.

import 'package:unittest/unittest.dart';

class Compute {
  Future<Map> sumIt(List<int> data) {
    Completer completer = new Completer();
    int sum = 0;
    data.forEach((i) => sum+=i);
    completer.complete({"value":sum});
    return completer.future;
  }
}

void main() {
  test("testing a future", () {
    Compute compute = new Compute();
    compute.sumIt([1, 2, 3]).then((Map m) {
      Expect.equals(true, m.containsKey("value"));
      Expect.equals(6, m["value"]);
    });
  });
}