# ruby people.compact # nil people.reject { |c| c&.empty? } # '', {}, [] people.compact.reject(&:empty?) # nil, '', {}, [] people - ['', nil, {}, []] # nil, '', {}, [] people.select(&:present?) # nil, '', ' ', {}, [] # rails 6.1+ people.compact_blank # nil, '', ' ', {}, [] # examples people = ['David', nil, 'Lisa', '', 'Bob', ' ', 'Jane', {}, 'Andrew', [], 'Sally'] puts people.compact.join(', ') # => David, Lisa, , Bob, , Jane, {}, Andrew, , Sally nil puts people.reject { |c| c&.empty? }.join(', ') # => David, , Lisa, Bob, , Jane, Andrew, Sally puts people.compact.reject(&:empty?).join(', ') # => David, Lisa, Bob, , Jane, Andrew, Sally puts (people - ['', nil, {}, []]).join(', ') # => David, Lisa, Bob, , Jane, Andrew, Sally puts people.select(&:present?).join(', ') # => David, Lisa, Bob, Jane, Andrew, Sally array = ['moses', 'lucas', ''] - [''] # ['moses', 'lucas']