我有一些pascal格式的文本，我试图分割成单独的令牌/单词. 例如，"Hello123AIIsCool"会变成["Hello", "123", "AI", "Is", "Cool"].

Some Conditions

• 单词总是以大写字母开头.例如，"Hello"
• 一个连续的数字序列应该放在一起.例如，"123"—["123"]，不是["1", "2", "3"]>
• 当最后一个字母是第一个条件中定义的新词的开始时，大写字母的连续序列应该保持在一起except.例如，"ABCat"—["AB", "Cat"]，不是["ABC", "at"]>
• 不能保证每个条件在字符串中都有匹配项.例如，"Hello"，"HelloAI"，"HelloAIIsCool"，"Hello123"，"123AI"，"AIIsCool"以及我没有提供的任何其他组合都是潜在的候选者.

我试过几种正则表达式的变体.接下来的两次try 让我非常接近我想要的，但并不完全.

Version 0

import re

def extract_v0(string: str) -> list[str]:
    word_pattern = r"[A-Z][a-z]*"
    num_pattern = r"\d+"
    pattern = f"{word_pattern}|{num_pattern}"
    extracts: list[str] = re.findall(
        pattern=pattern, string=string
    )
    return extracts

string = "Hello123AIIsCool"
extract_v0(string)

['Hello', '123', 'A', 'I', 'Is', 'Cool']

Version 1

import re

def extract_v1(string: str) -> list[str]:
    word_pattern = r"[A-Z][a-z]+"
    num_pattern = r"\d+"
    upper_pattern = r"[A-Z][^a-z]*"
    pattern = f"{word_pattern}|{num_pattern}|{upper_pattern}"
    extracts: list[str] = re.findall(
        pattern=pattern, string=string
    )
    return extracts

string = "Hello123AIIsCool"
extract_v1(string)

['Hello', '123', 'AII', 'Cool']

Best Option So Far

这使用了regex和循环的组合.这是可行的，但这是最好的解决方案吗？或者有什么奇特的正则表达式可以做到这一点？

import re

def extract_v2(string: str) -> list[str]:
    word_pattern = r"[A-Z][a-z]+"
    num_pattern = r"\d+"
    upper_pattern = r"[A-Z][A-Z]*"
    groups = []
    for pattern in [word_pattern, num_pattern, upper_pattern]:
        while string.strip():
            group = re.search(pattern=pattern, string=string)
            if group is not None:
                groups.append(group)
                string = string[:group.start()] + " " + string[group.end():]
            else:
                break
    
    ordered = sorted(groups, key=lambda g: g.start())
    return [grp.group() for grp in ordered]

string = "Hello123AIIsCool"
extract_v2(string)

['Hello', '123', 'AI', 'Is', 'Cool']