Python3.x Python：try 从导入的包中导入模块时出现ModuleNotFoundError

FIRST，如果你想从男人测试.py访问man1.py，从man1.py访问载人模块.py，你需要正确地将你的文件设置为packages and modules.

包是通过使用

...

导入包时，Python会在

这__init__.py个文件是Python处理

您需要将其设置为以下内容:

man
|- __init__.py
|- Mans
   |- __init__.py
   |- man1.py
|- MansTest
   |- __init.__.py
   |- SoftLib
      |- Soft
         |- __init__.py
         |- SoftWork
            |- __init__.py
            |- 载人模块.py
      |- Unittests
         |- __init__.py
         |- 男人测试.py

SECOND，对于男人测试.py中的from ...Mans import man1导致的"ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Soft'"错误，记录在案的解决方案是将man1.py添加到sys.path，因为Mans在MansTest包之外.请参阅Python文档中的The Module Search Path.但如果不想直接修改sys.path，也可以修改PYTHONPATH:

sys.path从以下位置初始化:

• 包含输入脚本的目录(或未指定文件时的当前目录).
• PYTHONPATH(目录名列表，语法与shell变量PATH相同).
• 依赖于安装的默认设置.

THIRD，对于from ...MansTest.SoftLib import Soft，你说的是"was to facilitate the aforementioned import statement in man1.py"，这就是进口的工作原理.如果你想在man1.py中导入Soft.SoftLib，你必须设置man1.py来找到Soft.SoftLib并直接导入.

话虽如此，我还是这么做的.

男1.py:

from Soft.SoftWork.manModules import *
# no change to import statement but need to add Soft to PYTHONPATH

def foo():
    print("called foo in man1.py")
    print("foo call module1 from manModules: " + module1())

男人测试.py

# no need for "from ...MansTest.SoftLib import Soft" to facilitate importing..
from ...Mans import man1

man1.foo()

载人模块.py

def module1():
    return "module1 in manModules"

终端输出:

$ python3 -m man.MansTest.Unittests.man1test
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
    from ...Mans import man1
  File "/temp/man/Mans/man1.py", line 2, in <module>
    from Soft.SoftWork.manModules import *
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'Soft'

$ PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/temp/man/MansTest/SoftLib
$ export PYTHONPATH
$ echo $PYTHONPATH
:/temp/man/MansTest/SoftLib
$ python3 -m man.MansTest.Unittests.man1test
called foo in man1.py
foo called module1 from manModules: module1 in manModules 

As a suggestion, maybe re-think the purpose of those SoftLib files. Is it some sort of "bridge" between man1.py and 男人测试.py? The way your files are setup right now, I don't think it's going to work as you expect it to be. Also, it's a bit confusing for the code-under-test (man1.py) to be importing stuff from under the test folder (MansTest).