Php 使用列入黑名单的单词和自定义业务逻辑的组合将特定的子字符串包装在HTML标记中

您的任务逻辑是字面和非字面单词排除的混合.事实是，您不需要将字符串explode()放入一个临时数组中，将每个单词与黑名单数组进行比较，然后使用正则表达式有条件地排除单引号括起来的单词，然后再次内爆可能发生Mutations 的单词.

更直接的做法是准备一个特定匹配前两个单词的正则表达式模式，然后使用否定的先行查找来取消后面的单词.那么preg_replace()是执行您的逻辑的最佳单调用工具.

代码:(Demo)

$blacklist = ["subsp.", "var.", "f.", "(voir)", "hybride"];
$prepped = array_map('preg_quote', $blacklist);             // escape special characters
$prepped[] = "'\S+'";                                       // do not escape special characters
$negLookAhead = '(?!' . implode('|', $prepped) . ')';       // create negated lookahead
$firstTwoWords = '(?:^\S+\s\S+)';                           // match the first two words of the string
$regex = '#' . $firstTwoWords . '|(?<=\s)' . $negLookAhead . '\S+(?=\s|$)#';

$names = [
    "Androsace angrenica 'Angelica' subsp. Violaceae",
    'Allium obliquum',
    'Allium ostrowkianum (voir) A. oreophilum',
    'Allium senescens subsp. glaucum',
    'Allium sikkimense',
    'Androsace × pedemontana',
];


// echo $regex;

var_export(
    preg_replace($regex, '<em>$0</em>', $names)  // works on an array or a string as input
);

输出:

array (
  0 => '<em>Androsace angrenica</em> \'Angelica\' subsp. <em>Violaceae</em>',
  1 => '<em>Allium obliquum</em>',
  2 => '<em>Allium ostrowkianum</em> (voir) <em>A.</em> <em>oreophilum</em>',
  3 => '<em>Allium senescens</em> subsp. <em>glaucum</em>',
  4 => '<em>Allium sikkimense</em>',
  5 => '<em>Androsace ×</em> <em>pedemontana</em>',
)

这不仅更直接、更简洁，而且如果您想要扩展文字或非文字排除，您不需要修改模式，只需要修改$preppedarray.

模式细分:

#              // start of pattern delimiter
(?:^\S+\s\S+)  // match two consecutive words if at start of string
|              // OR operator
(?<=\s)        // check that previous character was a whitespace
(?!            // do not allow match to qualify if any of the follow is satisfied
   subsp\.     // literal string match
   |           // OR operator
   var\.       // literal string match
   |           // OR operator
   f\.         // literal string match
   |           // OR operator
   \(voir\)    // literal string match
   |           // OR operator
   hybride     // literal string match
   |           // OR operator
   '\S+'       // single quote, one or more of any non-whitespace character, single quote
)              // close the negated lookahead logic
\S+            // match one or more non-whitespace characters
(?=\s|$)       // check that next character is a whitespace or the next position is the end of string
#              // end of pattern delimiter