您需要使用limits.h，它提供以下常量(根据链接引用):
SCHAR_MIN : minimum value for a signed char
SCHAR_MAX : maximum value for a signed char
UCHAR_MAX : maximum value for an unsigned char
CHAR_MIN : minimum value for a char
CHAR_MAX : maximum value for a char
SHRT_MIN : minimum value for a short
SHRT_MAX : maximum value for a short
USHRT_MAX : maximum value for an unsigned short
INT_MIN : minimum value for an int
INT_MAX : maximum value for an int
UINT_MAX : maximum value for an unsigned int
LONG_MIN : minimum value for a long
LONG_MAX : maximum value for a long
ULONG_MAX : maximum value for an unsigned long
LLONG_MIN : minimum value for a long long
LLONG_MAX : maximum value for a long long
ULLONG_MAX : maximum value for an unsigned long long
PTRDIFF_MIN : minimum value of ptrdiff_t
PTRDIFF_MAX : maximum value of ptrdiff_t
SIZE_MAX : maximum value of size_t
SIG_ATOMIC_MIN : minimum value of sig_atomic_t
SIG_ATOMIC_MAX : maximum value of sig_atomic_t
WINT_MIN : minimum value of wint_t
WINT_MAX : maximum value of wint_t
WCHAR_MIN : minimum value of wchar_t
WCHAR_MAX : maximum value of wchar_t
CHAR_BIT : number of bits in a char
MB_LEN_MAX : maximum length of a multibyte character in bytes
其中，由于明显的原因省略了U*_MIN(任何无符号类型的最小值为0).
同样，float.h为float和double类型提供了限制:
FLT_MIN : smallest normalised positive value of a float
FLT_MAX : largest positive finite value of a float
DBL_MIN : smallest normalised positive value of a double
DBL_MAX : largest positive finite value of a double
LDBL_MIN : smallest normalised positive value of a long double
LDBL_MAX : largest positive finite value of a long double
FLT_DIG : the number of decimal digits guaranteed to be preserved converting from text to float and back to text
DBL_DIG : the number of decimal digits guaranteed to be preserved converting from text to double and back to text
LDBL_DIG : the number of decimal digits guaranteed to be preserved converting from text to long double and back to text
浮点类型是围绕零对称的，所以最负的有限数是最正的有限数的反-例如float范围从-FLT_MAX到FLT_MAX.
请注意，浮点类型只能精确地表示其范围内的一小部分有限的值.随着存储的绝对值变大，可以精确表示的相邻数字之间的间距也会变大.