在sql server中有效地将行转换为列

发布于04月01日

我正在寻找一种在SQL server中将行转换为列的有效方法，我听说PIVOT不是很快，我需要处理大量记录.

这是我的例子:

   -------------------------------
   | Id | Value  | ColumnName    |
   -------------------------------
   | 1  | John   | FirstName     |
   | 2  | 2.4    | Amount        |
   | 3  | ZH1E4A | PostalCode    |
   | 4  | Fork   | LastName      |
   | 5  | 857685 | AccountNumber |
   -------------------------------

这是我的结果:

---------------------------------------------------------------------
| FirstName  |Amount|   PostalCode   |   LastName  |  AccountNumber |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
| John       | 2.4  |   ZH1E4A       |   Fork      |  857685        |
---------------------------------------------------------------------

我如何建立结果？

Using `PIVOT`

在SQL Server中，可以使用PIVOT函数将数据从行转换为列:

select Firstname, Amount, PostalCode, LastName, AccountNumber
from
(
  select value, columnname
  from yourtable
) d
pivot
(
  max(value)
  for columnname in (Firstname, Amount, PostalCode, LastName, AccountNumber)
) piv;

见Demo.

Pivot with unknown number of `columnnames`

如果要转置的未知数字为columnnames，则可以使用动态SQL:

DECLARE @cols AS NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @query  AS NVARCHAR(MAX)

select @cols = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(ColumnName) 
                    from yourtable
                    group by ColumnName, id
                    order by id
            FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE
            ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') 
        ,1,1,'')

set @query = N'SELECT ' + @cols + N' from 
             (
                select value, ColumnName
                from yourtable
            ) x
            pivot 
            (
                max(value)
                for ColumnName in (' + @cols + N')
            ) p '

exec sp_executesql @query;

见Demo.

使用聚合函数

如果不想使用PIVOT函数，则可以使用CASE表达式的聚合函数:

select
  max(case when columnname = 'FirstName' then value end) Firstname,
  max(case when columnname = 'Amount' then value end) Amount,
  max(case when columnname = 'PostalCode' then value end) PostalCode,
  max(case when columnname = 'LastName' then value end) LastName,
  max(case when columnname = 'AccountNumber' then value end) AccountNumber
from yourtable

见Demo.

使用多个连接

这也可以通过使用多个联接来完成，但是您需要一些列来关联示例数据中没有的每一行.但基本语法是:

select fn.value as FirstName,
  a.value as Amount,
  pc.value as PostalCode,
  ln.value as LastName,
  an.value as AccountNumber
from yourtable fn
left join yourtable a
  on fn.somecol = a.somecol
  and a.columnname = 'Amount'
left join yourtable pc
  on fn.somecol = pc.somecol
  and pc.columnname = 'PostalCode'
left join yourtable ln
  on fn.somecol = ln.somecol
  and ln.columnname = 'LastName'
left join yourtable an
  on fn.somecol = an.somecol
  and an.columnname = 'AccountNumber'
where fn.columnname = 'Firstname'