Rust 我们如何编写一个通用函数来判断 Serde 序列化和反序列化

在一个涉及自定义Serde(1.0)序列化和反序列化方法的项目中，我依靠这个测试 routine 来判断序列化一个对象并返回是否会产生一个等价的对象.

// let o: T = ...;
let buf: Vec<u8> = to_vec(&o).unwrap();
let o2: T = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
assert_eq!(o, o2);

内联操作非常有效.我朝着可重用性迈出的下一步是为此制作一个function check_serde.

pub fn check_serde<T>(o: T)
where
    T: Debug + PartialEq<T> + Serialize + DeserializeOwned,
{
    let buf: Vec<u8> = to_vec(&o).unwrap();
    let o2: T = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(o, o2);
}

这适用于拥有类型，但不适用于具有生存期界限(Playground)的类型:

check_serde(5);
check_serde(vec![1, 2, 5]);
check_serde("five".to_string());
check_serde("wait"); // [E0279]

错误是:

error[E0279]: the requirement `for<'de> 'de : ` is not satisfied (`expected bound lifetime parameter 'de, found concrete lifetime`)
  --> src/main.rs:24:5
   |
24 |     check_serde("wait"); // [E0277]
   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^
   |
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de>` for `&str`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `serde::de::DeserializeOwned` for `&str`
   = note: required by `check_serde`

由于我希望使函数能够处理这些情况(包括带有字符串片段的 struct )，我try 了一个具有显式对象反序列化生存期的新版本:

pub fn check_serde<'a, T>(o: &'a T)
where
    T: Debug + PartialEq<T> + Serialize + Deserialize<'a>,
{
    let buf: Vec<u8> = to_vec(o).unwrap();
    let o2: T = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(o, &o2);
}

check_serde(&5);
check_serde(&vec![1, 2, 5]);
check_serde(&"five".to_string());
check_serde(&"wait"); // [E0405]

这个实现会导致另一个问题，它不会编译(Playground).

error[E0597]: `buf` does not live long enough
  --> src/main.rs:14:29
   |
14 |     let o2: T = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
   |                             ^^^ does not live long enough
15 |     assert_eq!(o, &o2);
16 | }
   | - borrowed value only lives until here
   |
note: borrowed value must be valid for the lifetime 'a as defined on the function body at 10:1...
  --> src/main.rs:10:1
   |
10 | / pub fn check_serde<'a, T>(o: &'a T)
11 | |     where T: Debug + PartialEq<T> + Serialize + Deserialize<'a>
12 | | {
13 | |     let buf: Vec<u8> = to_vec(o).unwrap();
14 | |     let o2: T = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
15 | |     assert_eq!(o, &o2);
16 | | }
   | |_^

我已经预料到了这一点:这个版本意味着序列化的内容(以及反序列化的对象)与输入对象一样存在，这是不正确的.缓冲区只能在函数的作用域内存在.

我的第三次try 试图构建原始输入的自有版本，从而避免使用具有不同生存期边界的反序列化对象的问题.ToOwned特性似乎适合这个用例.

pub fn check_serde<'a, T: ?Sized>(o: &'a T)
where
    T: Debug + ToOwned + PartialEq<<T as ToOwned>::Owned> + Serialize,
    <T as ToOwned>::Owned: Debug + DeserializeOwned,
{
    let buf: Vec<u8> = to_vec(&o).unwrap();
    let o2: T::Owned = from_slice(&buf).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(o, &o2);
}

这使得该函数现在可以用于普通字符串切片，但不能用于包含它们的复合对象(Playground):

check_serde(&5);
check_serde(&vec![1, 2, 5]);
check_serde(&"five".to_string());
check_serde("wait");
check_serde(&("There's more!", 36)); // [E0279]

同样，我们偶然发现了与第一个版本相同的错误:

error[E0279]: the requirement `for<'de> 'de : ` is not satisfied (`expected bound lifetime parameter 'de, found concrete lifetime`)
  --> src/main.rs:25:5
   |
25 |     check_serde(&("There's more!", 36)); // [E0279]
   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^
   |
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de>` for `&str`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `for<'de> serde::Deserialize<'de>` for `(&str, {integer})`
   = note: required because of the requirements on the impl of `serde::de::DeserializeOwned` for `(&str, {integer})`
   = note: required by `check_serde`

当然，我很茫然.我们如何使用Serde构建一个通用函数来序列化一个对象并将其反序列化回一个新对象？特别是，这个函数可以在Rust(稳定或夜间)中实现吗？如果可以，我的实现缺少哪些调整？