什么是正确的 OOP 方法在 python 中更新实例变量

以下是一些更有意义的变化:

import requests

app_config = {
    "MaxThreadCount": 10,
    "BaseURL": "https://google.com",
    "DB": "some db ip"
}


class Class1():
    def __init__(self, cfg):  # you want to avoid shadowing something global
        # since you have a setter, discourage direct access
        self._cfg = cfg  

    def get_few_more_configs_in_class1(self):
        var1 = requests.get(self.app_config["BaseURL"])
        print("get few data")
        # no need to update after return, just update directly
        self._cfg.update({"class-1": "some inputs"})
    
    # this is a better way to expose and allow setting, with a property
    @property
    def app_config(self):
        return self._cfg
    
    @app_config.setter
    def app_config(self, cfg):
        self._cfg = cfg


class Class2():
    def __init__(self, cfg):
        self._cfg = cfg

    def gather_few_more_configs_in_class2(self):
        print("connect to db")
        # here, you can use whatever was previously set in your `app_config`
        print("using", self._cfg['class-1'])
        self._cfg.update({"db-inputs": "some more inpus"})

    # this is a better way to expose and allow setting, with a property
    @property
    def app_config(self):
        return self._cfg

    @app_config.setter
    def app_config(self, cfg):
        self._cfg = cfg


c1 = Class1(app_config)
c2 = Class2(app_config)

c1.get_few_more_configs_in_class1()
# no need to pass stuff in, already has the config
c2.gather_few_more_configs_in_class2()  

然而，既然你显然想把你的app_config更多地用作一个共享应用state，那就这么说吧？通常情况下，最好避免使用globals，所以你可以在main()中设置东西.最后，如果您有多个具有相同逻辑的类，为什么不使用继承呢？

import requests


class StateSharing:
    def __init__(self, state: dict):
        self._state = state

    @property
    def state(self) -> dict:
        return self._state

    @state.setter
    def state(self, state: dict):
        self._state = state


class Class1(StateSharing):
    def get_few_more_configs_in_class1(self):
        requests.get(self.state["BaseURL"])
        print("get few data")
        self._state.update({"class-1": "some inputs"})


class Class2(StateSharing):
    def __init__(self, state: dict, something_else: str):
        super().__init__(state)
        self.something_else = something_else

    def gather_few_more_configs_in_class2(self):
        print("connect to db")
        print("using", self._state['class-1'])
        self._state.update({"db-inputs": "some more inpus"})


def main():
    state = {
        "MaxThreadCount": 10,
        "BaseURL": "https://google.com",
        "DB": "some db ip"
    }
    c1 = Class1(state)
    c2 = Class2(state, 'something!')

    c1.get_few_more_configs_in_class1()
    c2.gather_few_more_configs_in_class2()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()