Python3.x 如何从另一个目录导入 python 包

您可以将父目录添加到PYTHONPATH，为了实现这一点，您可以在sys.path中列出的"模块搜索路径"中使用依赖于操作系统的路径.因此，您可以轻松添加父目录，如下所示:

import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '..')

from instance import config

请注意，前面的代码使用相对路径，因此必须在同一位置启动文件，否则可能无法运行.要从任何地方emits ，可以使用pathlib模块.

from pathlib import Path
import sys
path = str(Path(Path(__file__).parent.absolute()).parent.absolute())
sys.path.insert(0, path)

from instance import config

然而，前面的方法更像是一种黑客行为，为了把事情做好，你首先需要根据这篇非常详细的博文python packaging来reshape 你的项目 struct ，使用src文件夹的推荐方法.

• 您的目录布局必须如下所示:

project
├── CHANGELOG.rst
├── README.rst
├── requirements.txt
├── setup.py
├── src
│   ├── api
│   │   ├── api.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   ├── instance
│   │   ├── config.py
│   │   └── __init__.py
│   └── package
│       ├── app.py
│       └── __init__.py
└── tests
    └── __init__.py

请注意，您实际上并不需要requirements.txt，因为您可以在setup.py中声明依赖项.

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import print_function

import io
import re
from glob import glob
from os.path import basename
from os.path import dirname
from os.path import join
from os.path import splitext

from setuptools import find_packages
from setuptools import setup


def read(*names, **kwargs):
    with io.open(
        join(dirname(__file__), *names),
        encoding=kwargs.get('encoding', 'utf8')
    ) as fh:
        return fh.read()


setup(
    name='nameless',
    version='1.644.11',
    license='BSD-2-Clause',
    description='An example package. Generated with cookiecutter-pylibrary.',
    author='mpr',
    author_email='contact@ionelmc.ro',
    packages=find_packages('src'),
    package_dir={'': 'src'},
    include_package_data=True,
    zip_safe=False,
    classifiers=[
        # complete classifier list: http://pypi.python.org/pypi?%3Aaction=list_classifiers
        'Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable',
        'Intended Audience :: Developers',
        'License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License',
        'Operating System :: Unix',
        'Operating System :: POSIX',
        'Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows',
        'Programming Language :: Python',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 2.7',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.5',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython',
        'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy',
        # uncomment if you test on these interpreters:
        # 'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: IronPython',
        # 'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: Jython',
        # 'Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: Stackless',
        'Topic :: Utilities',
    ],
    keywords=[
        # eg: 'keyword1', 'keyword2', 'keyword3',
    ],
    python_requires='>=2.7, !=3.0.*, !=3.1.*, !=3.2.*, !=3.3.*, !=3.4.*',
    install_requires=[
        # eg: 'aspectlib==1.1.1', 'six>=1.7',
    ],
    extras_require={
        # eg:
        #   'rst': ['docutils>=0.11'],
        #   ':python_version=="2.6"': ['argparse'],
    },
    setup_requires=[
        # 'pytest-runner',
    ],
    entry_points={
        'console_scripts': [
            'api = api.api:main',
        ]
    },
)

my api.py的内容:

from instance import config

def main():
    print("imported")
    config.config()

my config.py的内容:

def config():
    print("config imported successfully")

你可以找到之前的here条

• 可选但推荐:创建一个虚拟环境，我使用venv(Python 3.3<；=)在项目的根目录中:

python -m venv .

并激活:

source bin/activate

• 现在我可以安装软件包了:

使用pip install -e .(带点)命令inside the root of the project

• 您的import from instance import config现在可以运行了，以确认您可以运行api.带:

python src/api/api.py