Python3.x Python 3 urllib 产生 TypeError： POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes.它不能是 str 类型

我正在try 将工作的Python 2.7代码转换为Python 3代码，并且从urllib请求模块收到一个类型错误.

我使用内置的2to3 Python工具来转换下面的工作urllib和urllib2 Python 2.7代码:

import urllib2
import urllib

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib2.Request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(d))
f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

2to3模块的输出是以下Python 3代码:

import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse

url = "https://www.customdomain.com"
d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")

req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
resp = f.read()

运行Python 3代码时，会产生以下错误:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-56-206954140899> in <module>()
      5 
      6 req = urllib.request.Request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d))
----> 7 f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
      8 resp = f.read()

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
    159     else:
    160         opener = _opener
--> 161     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    162 
    163 def install_opener(opener):

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
    459         for processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):
    460             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 461             req = meth(req)
    462 
    463         response = self._open(req, data)

C:\Users\Admin\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in do_request_(self, request)
   1110                 msg = "POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. " \
   1111                       "It cannot be of type str."
-> 1112                 raise TypeError(msg)
   1113             if not request.has_header('Content-type'):
   1114                 request.add_unredirected_header(

TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str.

我还读了另外两张票(ticket1和ticket2)，上面提到了日期编码.

当我把第f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)行改为f = urllib.request.urlopen(req.encode('utf-8'))行时，我收到了以下错误:AttributeError: 'Request' object has no attribute 'encode'

我一直在思考如何让Python 3代码工作.你能帮帮我吗？