Java 如何解决 JPA 关联中的循环引用

我知道这类问题已经被回答了很多次，而且有很多解决方案，但是，没有一个对我有效.我try 了@JsonIgnore、@JsonIgnoreProperties、@JsonManagedReference/@JsonBackedReference，但调试器仍然显示user引用了authority，它引用了user，它引用了authority，它引用了user...最重要的是it doesn't throw any exceptions.然而，我仍然想知道为什么会发生这种情况，为什么它不会抛出异常，以及它是否会影响生产力

我的实体很简单:有一个User

@Entity
@Table(name = "users_tb")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
public class User {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String username;

    private String password;

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "user", fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    private List<Authority> authorities;
}

和Authority

@Entity
@Table(name = "authorities_tb")
@NoArgsConstructor
@Getter
@Setter
public class Authority {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    private String name;

    @ManyToOne(fetch = FetchType.LAZY)
    @JoinColumn(name = "user_id")
    private User user;
}

使用JpaRepository<T, V>检索用户的代码

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        var user = userRepository.findUserByUsername(username).orElseThrow(
              () -> new UsernameNotFoundException(ERR_USERNAME_NOT_FOUND));

        return new CustomUserDetails(user);
    }

调试器从loadUserByUsername返回前的输出状态:

user = {User@10781}
    > id = {Long@10784}
    > username = "John"
    > password = "$2a$10$xn3LI/AjqicFYZFruSwve.681477XaVNaUQbr1gioaWPn4t1KsnmG" 
    > authorities = {PersistentBag@10788} size = 2
        > 0 = {Authority@10818}
            > id = {Long@10784}
            > name = "READ"
            > user = {User@10784}
                > id = {User@10784}
                > username = "John"
                > password = "$2a$10$xn3LI/AjqicFYZFruSwve.681477XaVNaUQbr1gioaWPn4t1KsnmG" 
                > authorities = {PersistentBag@10788} size = 2
                    > 0 = {Authority@10818}
                    ...