试试asp-action个怎么样

<form id="FormActive" asp-action="Index">
</form>

然后在控制器中:

[HttpPost]
 public IActionResult Index(int id)
 {
    
     return View();
 }

结果:

Update:

try 使用<a>标签不带标签表单

<a asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index2" asp-route-id="1"><button>1</button></a>

然后在控制器；

 [HttpGet]
 public IActionResult Index2(int id)
  {
   return View();
   }

结果:

Update2 我们可以在表单中添加一个隐藏的<input>来获得ID，如下所示:

<button type="submit" Form="FormActive" name="id" value="1">a</button>
<form id="FormActive"  method="post" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Index" data-ajax="true" data-ajax-method="post" data-ajax-complete="completed">    
    <input id="buttonid"  type="hidden" name="id" />        
</form>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
    $("button").click(function (e) {      
        var fired_button = $(this).val();
        alert(fired_button);
        $('#buttonid').val(fired_button);
    });
</script>

结果: