C++ OSDev双缓冲重启系统

发布于11月22日

Hello I'm trying to make a simple os, and I'm currently trying to do double buffering.
I have two arrays in the size of the screen and a function that copy the array that currently is being used to the memory of the screen and then swap the being used array to the second one.
And there is a function that clear the screen and set it to a specific color.

screen.c个

static u8 *BUFFER = (u8*) 0xA0000;

u8 buffers[2][SCREEN_SIZE];
u8 current_buffer = 0;

#define CURRENT     (buffers[current_buffer])
#define SWAP()      (current_buffer = 1 - current_buffer)

void screen_swap(){
    memcpy(BUFFER, CURRENT, SCREEN_SIZE);
    SWAP();
}

void clear_screen(u8 color){                  // set all the memory of the screen to one color
    memset(&CURRENT, color, SCREEN_SIZE);    
}

memory.c个

void memset(void* src, u8 val, u32 len){
    u8* ptr = (u8*)src;
    while(len--){
        *ptr++ = val;
    }
}

void* memcpy(void* dst, void* src, u32 len){
    u8 *d = (u8*)dst;
    const u8 *s = (const u8*)src;
    
    while (len-- > 0){
        *d++ = *s++;
    }
    return dst;
}

当我try 运行这些功能时，系统一直在重新启动.例如:

    clear_screen(COLOR(0,0,255));
    screen_swap();

链接到我的github repo更多的背景

# qemu-system-i386 -serial file:serial.log -fda build/os-image.img ###qemu-system-i386 -serial stdio -fda build/os-image.img qemu-system-i386 -serial stdio -fda build/os-image.img WARNING: Image format was not specified for 'build/os-image.img' and probing guessed raw. Automatically detecting the format is dangerous for raw images, write operations on block 0 will be restricted. Specify the 'raw' format explicitly to remove the restrictions. Unhandled IRQ 0 set_pallette: ENTER set_pallette: EXIT SCREEN_SIZE=fa00 STACK=7be8 screen_swap: ENTER screen_swap: BUFFER=0xa0000 current_buffer=0/0x5f60/0x15960 screen_swap: EXIT clear_screen: ENTER color=0x1c clear_screen: BUFFER=0xa0000 current_buffer=1/0x15960/0x25360 clear_screen: EXIT screen_swap: ENTER screen_swap: BUFFER=0xa0000 current_buffer=1/0x15960/0x25360 screen_swap: EXIT clear_screen: ENTER color=0x1c clear_screen: BUFFER=0xa0000 current_buffer=0/0x5f60/0x15960 qemu-system-i386: Trying to execute code outside RAM or ROM at 0x1c1c1c1c This usually means one of the following happened: (1) You told QEMU to execute a kernel for the wrong machine type, and it crashed on startup (eg trying to run a raspberry pi kernel on a versatilepb QEMU machine) (2) You didn't give QEMU a kernel or BIOS filename at all, and QEMU executed a ROM full of no-op instructions until it fell off the end (3) Your guest kernel has a bug and crashed by jumping off into nowhere This is almost always one of the first two, so check your command line and that you are using the right type of kernel for this machine. If you think option (3) is likely then you can try debugging your guest with the -d debug options; in particular -d guest_errors will cause the log to include a dump of the guest register state at this point. Execution cannot continue; stopping here. make: *** [Makefile:37: run] Error 1

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile index 193cb35..e4cb5fa 100644 --- a/Makefile +++ b/Makefile @@ -1,17 +1,24 @@ +# tetos/Makefile -- make file for tetos +# +# SO: osdev double buffering rebooting system +# SITE: stackoverflow.com +# SO: 77524100 +include ./common.mk ASM=nasm -CC=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-gcc -LD=/home/neta/opt/cross/i386-elf/bin/ld RM=rm OBJCOPY=objcopy - SRC=src -BUILD=build +export BUILD=build + +IMGCOUNT = 2880 +KNLCOUNT = 2048 +all: $(BUILD)/os-image.img $(BUILD)/os-image.img: boot kernel - dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=2880 + dd if=/dev/zero of=$@ bs=512 count=$(IMGCOUNT) dd if=$(BUILD)/boot.bin of=$@ conv=notrunc bs=512 count=1 seek=0 - dd if=$(BUILD)/kernel.bin of=$@ conv=notrunc bs=512 count=2048 seek=1 + dd if=$(BUILD)/kernel.bin of=$@ conv=notrunc bs=512 count=$(KNLCOUNT) seek=1 boot: $(BUILD)/boot.bin @@ -31,6 +38,7 @@ always: run: $(BUILD)/os-image.img # qemu-system-i386 -serial file:serial.log -fda $< + ###qemu-system-i386 -serial stdio -fda $< qemu-system-i386 -serial stdio -fda $< debug: $(BUILD)/os-image.img @@ -38,6 +46,7 @@ debug: $(BUILD)/os-image.img # for logs -- log: bochslog.txt clean: - @$(MAKE) -C $(SRC)/boot BUILD=$(abspath $(BUILD)) clean - @$(MAKE) -C $(SRC)/kernel BUILD=$(abspath $(BUILD)) clean + rm -fr $(BUILD) + @###$(MAKE) -C $(SRC)/boot BUILD=$(abspath $(BUILD)) clean + @###$(MAKE) -C $(SRC)/kernel BUILD=$(abspath $(BUILD)) clean diff --git a/common.mk b/common.mk new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f0f2b8b --- /dev/null +++ b/common.mk @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +# common.mk -- common definitions for make + +CC:=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-gcc +LD:=/home/neta/opt/cross/i386-elf/bin/ld + +ifeq ($(wildcard $(CC)*),) + CC:=gcc -m32 + LD:=ld -melf_i386 +endif + +export CC +export LD + +IMGCOUNT = 2880 +KNLCOUNT = 2048 + +###OBJ := obj +OBJ := o diff --git a/src/boot/Makefile b/src/boot/Makefile index 4c9a266..c6d6f8d 100644 --- a/src/boot/Makefile +++ b/src/boot/Makefile @@ -1,12 +1,15 @@ +include ../../common.mk BUILD?=build/ ASM?=nasm +###AFLAGS += -DKSTACK_SECTOR=$(KNLCOUNT) + .PHONY: all clean all: $(BUILD)/boot.bin $(BUILD)/boot.bin: main.asm - $(ASM) main.asm -f bin -o $(BUILD)/boot.bin + $(ASM) main.asm -f bin -o $(BUILD)/boot.bin -l $(BUILD)/boot.lst $(AFLAGS) clean: rm -f $(BUILD)/boot.bin diff --git a/src/boot/main.asm b/src/boot/main.asm index 9a37335..8cc8d06 100644 --- a/src/boot/main.asm +++ b/src/boot/main.asm @@ -51,8 +51,7 @@ jmpToKernel: mov ds, ax mov ss, ax - call KERNEL_OFFSET - hlt + jmp KERNEL_OFFSET bits 16 EnableA20: diff --git a/src/kernel/Makefile b/src/kernel/Makefile index 7bf9326..1e1f7a4 100644 --- a/src/kernel/Makefile +++ b/src/kernel/Makefile @@ -1,38 +1,43 @@ +include ../../common.mk BUILD?=build/ ASM?=nasm ASMFLAGS?=-f elf -CC?=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-gcc -LD=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-ld -LGCC=/home/neta/opt/cross/lib/gcc/i386-elf/13.1.0 +###CC?=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-gcc +###LD=/home/neta/opt/cross/bin/i386-elf-ld +###LGCC=-L /home/neta/opt/cross/lib/gcc/i386-elf/13.1.0 # CCFLAGS= -ffreestanding -nostdlib -c -CCFLAGS=-m32 -std=c11 -O2 -g -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Wstrict-aliasing +CCFLAGS+=-m32 -std=c11 -O2 -g -Wall -Wextra +CCFLAGS+=-Werror +###CCFLAGS+=-Wpedantic -Wstrict-aliasing CCFLAGS+=-Wno-pointer-arith -Wno-unused-parameter -CCFLAGS+=-nostdlib -nostdinc -ffreestanding -fno-pie -fno-stack-protector +CCFLAGS+=-nostdlib -ffreestanding -fno-pie -fno-stack-protector +###CCFLAGS+=-nostdinc CCFLAGS+=-fno-builtin-function -fno-builtin -c -mgeneral-regs-only -LDFLAGS=-ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib -m32 -L $(LGCC) -lgcc +LDFLAGS=-ffreestanding -O2 -nostdlib -m32 $(LGCC) -lgcc SOURCES_C=$(wildcard *.c) SOURCES_ASM=$(wildcard *.asm) -OBJECTS_C=$(patsubst %.c,$(BUILD)/kernel/c/%.obj,$(SOURCES_C)) -OBJECTS_ASM=$(patsubst %.asm,$(BUILD)/kernel/asm/%.obj,$(SOURCES_ASM)) +OBJECTS_C=$(patsubst %.c,$(BUILD)/kernel/c/%.$(OBJ),$(SOURCES_C)) +OBJECTS_ASM=$(patsubst %.asm,$(BUILD)/kernel/asm/%.$(OBJ),$(SOURCES_ASM)) .PHONY: all clean always -all: kernel.bin +all: always kernel.bin kernel.bin: $(OBJECTS_ASM) $(OBJECTS_C) - $(CC) -T link.ld -o $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $^ $(LDFLAGS) - # $(LD) -o $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $(LDFLAGS) -Tlink.ld $^ + @###$(CC) -T link.ld -o $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $^ $(LDFLAGS) + $(CC) -Wl,-Map=$(BUILD)/kernel.map -T link.ld -o $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $^ $(LDFLAGS) + @# $(LD) -o $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $(LDFLAGS) -Tlink.ld $^ -$(BUILD)/kernel/c/%.obj: %.c always +$(BUILD)/kernel/c/%.$(OBJ): %.c ###always $(CC) $(CCFLAGS) -o $@ $< -$(BUILD)/kernel/asm/%.obj: %.asm always - $(ASM) $(ASMFLAGS) -o $@ $< +$(BUILD)/kernel/asm/%.$(OBJ): %.asm ###always + $(ASM) $(ASMFLAGS) -o $@ $< -l $(basename $@).lst always: mkdir -p $(BUILD)/kernel/c mkdir -p $(BUILD)/kernel/asm clean: - rm -f $(BUILD)/kernel.bin + rm -f $(BUILD)/kernel.bin $(BUILD)/kernel.map diff --git a/src/kernel/hal.c b/src/kernel/hal.c index 1b5a7b1..433447c 100644 --- a/src/kernel/hal.c +++ b/src/kernel/hal.c @@ -7,13 +7,15 @@ #include "keyboard.h" void HAL_init(){ + init_serial(); // init the COM1 port (for qemu and bochs) + IDT_init(); // init the IDT ISR_init(); // init the ISR's IRQ_init(); // init the IRQ's and pic timer_install(); // register timer in irq +#if 1 keybrd_install(); // register keyboard in irq - - init_serial(); // init the COM1 port (for qemu and bochs) +#endif write_serial('\n'); // print a new line to seperate the qemu things diff --git a/src/kernel/irq.c b/src/kernel/irq.c index d3ac3fa..6140a4d 100644 --- a/src/kernel/irq.c +++ b/src/kernel/irq.c @@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ void IRQ_handler(Registers_t *regs){ u8 irq = regs->interrupt - PIC_OFFSET; if (g_IRQHandlers[irq] != 0){ + //dbgprt("IRQ_handler: ENTER irq=%u\n",irq); g_IRQHandlers[irq](regs); + //dbgprt("IRQ_handler: EXIT\n"); } else { QemuPrintf("Unhandled IRQ %d\n", irq); } diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel.c b/src/kernel/kernel.c index 7136655..4dbf35a 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel.c +++ b/src/kernel/kernel.c @@ -9,19 +9,62 @@ void main(){ HAL_init(); set_palette(); + dbgprt("SCREEN_SIZE=0x%x\n",SCREEN_SIZE); + dbgprt("STACK=0x%x\n",__builtin_frame_address(0)); screen_swap(); +#if 0 clear_screen(COLOR(0,0,0)); +#else + clear_screen(COLOR(0,255,0)); +#endif screen_swap(); + clear_screen(COLOR(0,255,0)); + screen_swap(); + + u64 otimer = get_timer(); + dbgprt("main: OTIMER otimer=%llu\n",otimer); + + u32 kcount = 0; + u8 color = 0; + bool kpress_old = 0; + bool kpress_cur = 0; + + while (true) { + //dbgprt("main: ENTER/GTIMER\n"); + u64 ctimer = get_timer(); + //dbgprt("main: EXIT/GTIMER\n"); - while (true){ - if (is_key_pressed('a')){ - clear_screen(COLOR(255,0,0)); + if (ctimer != otimer) { + //dbgprt("\rmain: CTIMER %llu\n",ctimer); + otimer = ctimer; + } + + kpress_cur = is_key_pressed('a'); + + if ((kpress_cur != kpress_old) && kpress_cur) { + dbgprt("\n"); + dbgprt("main: KTIMER kcount=%u ctimer=%llu\n",ctimer); + switch (kcount % 3) { + case 0: + color = COLOR(255,0,0); + break; + case 1: + color = COLOR(0,255,0); + break; + default: + color = COLOR(0,0,255); + break; + } + ++kcount; + clear_screen(color); screen_swap(); } + + kpress_old = kpress_cur; } - while(1){ + while (1) { __asm__ volatile("hlt"); } } diff --git a/src/kernel/kernel_entry.asm b/src/kernel/kernel_entry.asm index d9a22bf..8e3e9c7 100644 --- a/src/kernel/kernel_entry.asm +++ b/src/kernel/kernel_entry.asm @@ -1,8 +1,31 @@ [bits 32] [extern main] +KSTACK_SIZE equ 64 * 1024 ; stack size 64 KB + +extern __end + section .entry global _start _start: + ;;;mov esp,__end ; this didn't work too well + mov esp,__stack ; point to start of stack + + add esp,KSTACK_SIZE ; point past the end + + ; get mask to align to 16 byte boundary + mov eax,0x0f + not eax + + ; align stack + and esp,eax + + ; point stack pointer to last valid part of stack + sub esp,16 + call main hlt + +section .bss +__stack: + times KSTACK_SIZE db 0 diff --git a/src/kernel/keyboard.h b/src/kernel/keyboard.h index 8091212..8476a61 100644 --- a/src/kernel/keyboard.h +++ b/src/kernel/keyboard.h @@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ enum KEYBOARD_SPECIAL_KEYS { DOWN = 0x80 }; +void keybrd_install(); bool is_special_key(u8 key); // check in mode if key is pressed bool is_key_pressed(u8 key); // check if key is pressed diff --git a/src/kernel/printf.c b/src/kernel/printf.c index 435d799..af5f85e 100644 --- a/src/kernel/printf.c +++ b/src/kernel/printf.c @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ #include "util.h" +#include <stdarg.h> // define qemu logs void QemuPrintStr(i8* s){ @@ -9,12 +10,12 @@ void QemuPrintStr(i8* s){ // convert binary number to ascii const i8 g_chars[] = "0123456789abcdef"; -void printf_unsigned(u32 num, u32 base){ +void printf_unsigned(u64 num, u32 base){ i8 string[32]; i32 pos = 0; do { - u32 rem = num % base; + u64 rem = num % base; num /= base; string[pos++] = g_chars[rem]; } while (num > 0); @@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ void printf_unsigned(u32 num, u32 base){ } } -void printf_signed(i32 num, u32 base){ +void printf_signed(s64 num, u32 base){ if (num < 0){ write_serial('-'); // changed printf_unsigned(-num, base); @@ -36,11 +37,22 @@ void printf_signed(i32 num, u32 base){ #define STATE_NORMAL 0 #define STATE_FORMAT 1 void QemuPrintf(const i8* str, ...){ +#if 0 u32* argp = (u32*)&str; +#endif u8 state = STATE_NORMAL; + int llflg; +#if 0 argp += sizeof(str)/sizeof(u32); +#else + va_list ap; + va_start(ap,str); + u64 uval; + s64 sval; +#endif + while (*str){ switch (state){ case STATE_NORMAL: // wait for % or print @@ -55,35 +67,59 @@ void QemuPrintf(const i8* str, ...){ } // fall through case STATE_FORMAT: // check what char is after % + llflg = 0; + if (*str == 'l') { + ++llflg; + ++str; + } + if (*str == 'l') { + ++llflg; + ++str; + } + switch (*str){ case '%': write_serial('%'); // changed break; case 'c': // print char - write_serial((char)*argp); // changed - argp++; + write_serial(va_arg(ap,int)); // changed break; case 's': // print string - QemuPrintStr((char*)*argp); - argp++; + QemuPrintStr(va_arg(ap,char *)); break; case 'd': // print signed base 10 - printf_signed((i32)*argp, 10); - argp++; + switch (llflg) { + case 0: + sval = va_arg(ap,i32); + break; + case 1: + sval = va_arg(ap,long); + break; + default: + sval = va_arg(ap,long long); + break; + } + printf_signed(sval, 10); break; case 'u': // print unsigned base 10 - printf_unsigned((u32)*argp, 10); - argp++; - break; - case 'x': case 'p': // print unsigned base 16 - printf_unsigned((u32)*argp, 16); - argp++; + switch (llflg) { + case 0: + uval = va_arg(ap,u32); + break; + case 1: + uval = va_arg(ap,unsigned long); + break; + default: + uval = va_arg(ap,unsigned long long); + break; + } + printf_unsigned(uval, (*str == 'u') ? 10 : 16); break; default: break; // ignore invalid char @@ -93,5 +129,10 @@ void QemuPrintf(const i8* str, ...){ } str++; } + +#if 1 + va_end(ap); +#endif + return; } diff --git a/src/kernel/screen.c b/src/kernel/screen.c index 45f1de1..3713ad3 100644 --- a/src/kernel/screen.c +++ b/src/kernel/screen.c @@ -7,21 +7,39 @@ static u8 *BUFFER = (u8*) 0xA0000; u8 buffers[2][SCREEN_SIZE]; u8 current_buffer = 0; +#if 0 #define CURRENT (buffers[current_buffer]) +#else +#define CURRENT (&buffers[current_buffer][0]) +#endif +#if 0 #define SWAP() (current_buffer = 1 - current_buffer) +#else +#define SWAP() current_buffer = current_buffer ? 0 : 1 +#endif #define VGA_MASK 0x3c6 #define VGA_READ_ADD 0x3c7 #define VGA_WRITE_ADD 0x3c8 #define VGA_DATA 0x3c9 +#define CURRENT_SHOW \ + dbgprt("%s: BUFFER=0x%x current_buffer=%d/0x%x/0x%x\n", \ + __FUNCTION__,BUFFER,current_buffer,CURRENT,CURRENT + SCREEN_SIZE) + void screen_swap(){ + dbgprt("screen_swap: ENTER\n"); + //CURRENT_SHOW; memcpy(BUFFER, CURRENT, SCREEN_SIZE); SWAP(); + dbgprt("screen_swap: EXIT\n"); } void clear_screen(u8 color){ - memset(&CURRENT, color, SCREEN_SIZE); + dbgprt("clear_screen: ENTER color=0x%x\n",color); + CURRENT_SHOW; + memset(CURRENT, color, SCREEN_SIZE); + dbgprt("clear_screen: EXIT\n"); } void plot_pixel(i32 x, i32 y, u8 color){ @@ -30,6 +48,7 @@ void plot_pixel(i32 x, i32 y, u8 color){ } void set_palette(){ + dbgprt("set_pallette: ENTER\n"); outb(VGA_WRITE_ADD, 0); for(u8 i=0; i < 255; i++){ // we shift it by 2 because each color is 6 bits @@ -43,6 +62,7 @@ void set_palette(){ outb(VGA_DATA, 0xff >> 2); outb(VGA_DATA, 0xff >> 2); outb(VGA_DATA, 0xff >> 2); + dbgprt("set_pallette: EXIT\n"); } u8 COLOR(u8 r, u8 g, u8 b){ diff --git a/src/kernel/timer.c b/src/kernel/timer.c index 748de08..7e283c0 100644 --- a/src/kernel/timer.c +++ b/src/kernel/timer.c @@ -2,36 +2,38 @@ #include "util.h" #include "irq.h" -static struct { - u32 divisor; - u32 frequency; - u64 ticks; -} state; - /* u64 timer = 0; */ void timerFunction(Registers_t *regs){ - state.ticks++; + timer_state.ticks++; + //dbgprt("timerFunction: ticks=%llu\n",timer_state.ticks); } void PIT_setCount(){ // set the frequency of the pit to 1/TIMER_FREQ - state.divisor = TIMER_FREQ; - state.frequency = PIT_INTERNAL_FREQUENCY / state.divisor; // get the desired freq + timer_state.divisor = TIMER_FREQ; + timer_state.frequency = PIT_INTERNAL_FREQUENCY / timer_state.divisor; // get the desired freq CLI(); outb(PIT_COMMAND, PIT_SET); - outb(PIT_CHANNEL0, state.frequency & 0xff); // low byte - outb(PIT_CHANNEL0, ((state.frequency & 0xff00) >> 8)); // high byte + outb(PIT_CHANNEL0, timer_state.frequency & 0xff); // low byte + outb(PIT_CHANNEL0, ((timer_state.frequency & 0xff00) >> 8)); // high byte STI(); return; } u64 get_timer(){ - return state.ticks; + return timer_state.ticks; } void timer_install(){ + dbgprt("timer_install: ENTER\n"); +#if 0 PIT_setCount(); IRQ_RegisterHandler(0, timerFunction); +#else + IRQ_RegisterHandler(0, timerFunction); + PIT_setCount(); +#endif + dbgprt("timer_install: EXIT\n"); } diff --git a/src/kernel/timer.h b/src/kernel/timer.h index 9d6de1e..daecf36 100644 --- a/src/kernel/timer.h +++ b/src/kernel/timer.h @@ -13,6 +13,14 @@ #define PIT_SET 0x36 +struct timer { + u32 divisor; + u32 frequency; + u64 ticks; +}; + +struct timer timer_state; + void timer_install(); u64 get_timer(); diff --git a/src/kernel/util.h b/src/kernel/util.h index df2e92b..4935576 100644 --- a/src/kernel/util.h +++ b/src/kernel/util.h @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ typedef char i8; typedef short i16; typedef int i32; typedef long long i64; +typedef int s32; +typedef long long s64; typedef u32 size_t; typedef u32 uintptr_t; typedef float f32; @@ -41,6 +43,9 @@ typedef u8 bool; void QemuPrintStr(i8* s); void QemuPrintf(const i8* str, ...); +#define dbgprt(_fmt...) \ + QemuPrintf(_fmt) + // communiation via ports --> io.c int init_serial(); void write_serial(char a);

C++ OSDev双缓冲重启系统

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