我实现了自己的HttpException和支持中间件，它捕获所有HttpException并将它们转换为相应的错误响应.下面是简短的摘录.你也可以使用Boxed.AspNetCore Nuget软件包.

Usage Example in Startup.cs

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder application)
{
    application.UseIISPlatformHandler();

    application.UseStatusCodePagesWithReExecute("/error/{0}");
    application.UseHttpException();

    application.UseMvc();
}

Extension Method

public static class ApplicationBuilderExtensions
{
    public static IApplicationBuilder UseHttpException(this IApplicationBuilder application)
    {
        return application.UseMiddleware<HttpExceptionMiddleware>();
    }
}

Middleware

internal class HttpExceptionMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate next;

    public HttpExceptionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next)
    {
        this.next = next;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        try
        {
            await this.next.Invoke(context);
        }
        catch (HttpException httpException)
        {
            context.Response.StatusCode = httpException.StatusCode;
            var responseFeature = context.Features.Get<IHttpResponseFeature>();
            responseFeature.ReasonPhrase = httpException.Message;
        }
    }
}

HttpException

public class HttpException : Exception
{
    private readonly int httpStatusCode;

    public HttpException(int httpStatusCode)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = httpStatusCode;
    }

    public HttpException(HttpStatusCode httpStatusCode)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = (int)httpStatusCode;
    }

    public HttpException(int httpStatusCode, string message) : base(message)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = httpStatusCode;
    }

    public HttpException(HttpStatusCode httpStatusCode, string message) : base(message)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = (int)httpStatusCode;
    }

    public HttpException(int httpStatusCode, string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = httpStatusCode;
    }

    public HttpException(HttpStatusCode httpStatusCode, string message, Exception inner) : base(message, inner)
    {
        this.httpStatusCode = (int)httpStatusCode;
    }

    public int StatusCode { get { return this.httpStatusCode; } }
}

从长远来看，我建议不要使用异常返回错误.异常比仅仅从方法返回错误要慢.