Its NCQ errors.
Jun 27 12:49:22 topic1 kernel: [37586.367036] ata1.00: failed command: READ FPDMA QUEUED
Jun 27 12:49:22 topic1 kernel: [37586.367056] ata1.00: cmd 60/08:c8:f0:97:eb/00:00:12:00:00/40 tag 25 ncq dma 4096 in
Jun 27 12:49:22 topic1 kernel: [37586.367056] res 41/40:00:f7:97:eb/00:00:12:00:00/40 Emask 0x409 (media error) <F>
Jun 27 12:49:22 topic1 kernel: [37586.367067] ata1.00: status: { DRDY ERR }
Jun 27 12:49:22 topic1 kernel: [37586.367073] ata1.00: error: { UNC }
Native Command Queuing (NCQ) is an extension of the Serial ATA protocol allowing hard disk drives to internally optimize the order in which received read and write commands are executed.
First we fsck...
boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode
open a terminal window by pressing Ctrl+Alt+T
type sudo fdisk -l
identify the /dev/sdXX device name for your "Linux Filesystem"
type sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXX, replacing sdXX with the number you found earlier
repeat the fsck command if there were errors
type reboot
Then we patch NCQ...
Edit sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub and change the following line to include this extra parameter. Then do sudo update-grub to write the changes to disk. Reboot. Monitor hangs, and watch /var/log/syslog or dmesg for continued error messages.
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash libata.force=noncq"
Then we bad block...
Note: do NOT abort a bad block scan!
Note: do NOT bad block a SSD
Note: backup your important files FIRST!
Note: this will take many hours
Note: you may have a pending HDD failure
Boot to a Ubuntu Live DVD/USB in “Try Ubuntu” mode.
In terminal...
sudo fdisk -l # identify all "Linux Filesystem" partitions
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdXX # read-only test
or
sudo e2fsck -fccky /dev/sdXX # non-destructive read/write test (recommended)
The -k is important, because it saves the previous bad block table, and adds any new bad blocks to that table. Without -k, you loose all of the prior bad block information.
The -fccky parameter...
-f Force checking even if the file system seems clean.
-c This option causes e2fsck to use badblocks(8) program to do
a read-only scan of the device in order to find any bad blocks.
If any bad blocks are found, they are added to the bad block
inode to prevent them from being allocated to a file or direc‐
tory. If this option is specified twice, then the bad block scan
will be done using a non-destructive read-write test.
-k When combined with the -c option, any existing bad blocks in the
bad blocks list are preserved, and any new bad blocks found by
running badblocks(8) will be added to the existing bad blocks
list.
-y Assume an answer of `yes' to all questions; allows e2fsck to be
used non-interactively. This option may not be specified at the
same time as the -n or -p options.
Update #1: