SQLite - 基本语法

区分大小写

需要注意的重要一点是，SQLite是不区分大小写，但是有一些命令是区分大小写的，例如 GLOB 和 glob 具有不同的含义。

注释

SQLite注释是额外的注释，您可以在SQLite代码中添加注释以增加其可读性，并且它们可以出现在任何位置；可能会出现空格，包括在表达式内部和其他SQL语句的中间，但不能嵌套。

您还可以使用 C 样式的注释，该注释以"/*"开头并扩展到下一个" * /"字符对并包括下一个" * /"字符对，或者直到输入结束为止，以先到者为准。

sqlite> .help -- This is a single line comment

SQLite语句

所有SQLite语句均以SELECT，INSERT，UPDATE，DELETE，ALTER，DROP等任何关键字开头，并且所有语句均以分号(;)结尾。

ANALYZE 语句

ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

AND/OR 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

ALTER TABLE 语句

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;

ALTER TABLE RENAME 语句

ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;

ATTACH DATABASE 语句

ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';

BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句

BEGIN;
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

BETWEEN 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

COMMIT 语句

COMMIT;

CREATE INDEX 语句

CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);

CREATE TABLE 语句

CREATE TABLE table_name(
   column1 datatype,
   column2 datatype,
   column3 datatype,
   .....
   columnN datatype,
   PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);

CREATE TRIGGER 语句

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name 
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN 
   stmt1; 
   stmt2;
   ....
END;

CREATE VIEW 语句

CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
SELECT statement....;

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句

COMMIT;

COUNT 语句

SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;

DELETE 语句

DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};

DETACH DATABASE 语句

DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';

DISTINCT 语句

SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

DROP INDEX 语句

DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;

DROP TABLE 语句

DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;

DROP VIEW 语句

DROP INDEX database_name.view_name;

DROP TRIGGER 语句

DROP INDEX database_name.trigger_name;

EXISTS 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM   table_name );

EXPLAIN 语句

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or 
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

GLOB 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

GROUP BY 语句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;

HAVING 语句

SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);

INSERT INTO 语句

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

IN 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

LIKE 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

NOT IN 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

ORDER BY 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

PRAGMA 语句

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句

RELEASE savepoint_name;

REINDEX 语句

REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;

ROLLBACK 语句

ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SAVEPOINT 语句

SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SELECT 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;

UPDATE 语句

UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE  CONDITION ];

VACUUM 语句

VACUUM;

WHERE 语句

SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;