Rust iterators和forward(peekmultipeek)

Warning: The iterator presented right below is 100 because it allows one to obtain multiple aliases to a single mutable element; skip to the second part for the corrected version. (It would be alright if the return type contained immutable references).

如果您愿意编写自己的窗口迭代器，那么它就变得非常简单.

首先，迭代器的所有血淋淋的细节:

use std::marker::PhantomData;

struct WindowIterMut<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    begin: *mut T,
    len: usize,
    index: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a mut [T]>,
}

impl<'a, T> WindowIterMut<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    pub fn new(slice: &'a mut [T]) -> WindowIterMut<'a, T> {
        WindowIterMut {
            begin: slice.as_mut_ptr(),
            len: slice.len(),
            index: 0,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for WindowIterMut<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    type Item = (&'a mut [T], &'a mut [T]);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.index > self.len { return None; }

        let slice: &'a mut [T] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.begin, self.len)
        };
        let result = slice.split_at_mut(self.index);

        self.index += 1;

        Some(result)
    }
}

在[1, 2, 3]调用它将返回(&[], &[1, 2, 3])然后返回(&[1], &[2, 3])...直到(&[1, 2, 3], &[])年.简而言之，它迭代片的所有潜在分区(无需洗牌).

可以安全地用作:

fn main() {
    let mut data: Vec<u8> = (1..100).collect();

    for (head, tail) in WindowIterMut::new(&mut data) {
        if let Some(element) = head.last_mut() {
            if *element % 2 == 0 {
                if let Some(n3) = tail.iter().filter(|i| *i % 3 == 0).next() {
                    *element += *n3;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    println!("{:?}", data);
}

不幸的是，它也可以用作:

fn main() {
    let mut data: Vec<u8> = (1..100).collect();

    let mut it = WindowIterMut::new(&mut data);
    let first_0 = { it.next(); &mut it.next().unwrap().0[0] };
    let second_0 = &mut it.next().unwrap().0[0];

    println!("{:?} {:?}", first_0 as *const _, second_0 as *const _);
}

当运行print:0x7f73a8435000 0x7f73a8435000时，显示两个可变引用别名相同元素的大小写.

因为我们无法摆脱别名，所以我们需要摆脱可变性；或者至少推迟到interior mutability(这里是Cell，因为u8是Copy).

幸运的是，Cell没有运行时成本，但它确实在人体工程学方面花费了一点(所有的.get()和.set()).

我也借此机会让迭代器稍微更通用一些，并对其重命名，因为Window已经是一个不同概念的常用名称.

struct FingerIter<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    begin: *const T,
    len: usize,
    index: usize,
    _marker: PhantomData<&'a [T]>,
}

impl<'a, T> FingerIter<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    pub fn new(slice: &'a [T]) -> FingerIter<'a, T> {
        FingerIter {
            begin: slice.as_ptr(),
            len: slice.len(),
            index: 0,
            _marker: PhantomData,
        }
    }
}

impl<'a, T> Iterator for FingerIter<'a, T>
    where T: 'a
{
    type Item = (&'a [T], &'a T, &'a [T]);

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        if self.index >= self.len { return None; }

        let slice: &'a [T] = unsafe {
            std::slice::from_raw_parts(self.begin, self.len)
        };

        self.index += 1;
        let result = slice.split_at(self.index);

        Some((&result.0[0..self.index-1], result.0.last().unwrap(), result.1))
    }
}

我们将其用作建筑砖:

fn main() {
    let data: Vec<Cell<u8>> = (1..100).map(|i| Cell::new(i)).collect();

    for (_, element, tail) in FingerIter::new(&data) {
        if element.get() % 2 == 0 {
            if let Some(n3) = tail.iter().filter(|i| i.get() % 3 == 0).next() {
                element.set(element.get() + n3.get());
            }
        }
    }

    let data: Vec<u8> = data.iter().map(|cell| cell.get()).collect();

    println!("{:?}", data);
}

On the playpen这个打印:[1, 5, 3, 10, 5, 15, 7, 17, 9, 22, ...]，这似乎是正确的.