在R中的数据框中重命名和重新编码新变量的范围

也许rename_with()是你想要的.之后，可以使用mutate(across(...))操作这些重命名的列.

library(dplyr)

df %>%
  rename_with(~ paste0("x", seq_along(.x)), Sepal.Length:Petal.Length) %>%
  mutate(across(x1:x3, ~ .x * 10))

  x1 x2 x3 Petal.Width Species
1 51 35 14         0.2  setosa
2 49 30 14         0.2  setosa
3 47 32 13         0.2  setosa
4 46 31 15         0.2  setosa
5 50 36 14         0.2  setosa
6 54 39 17         0.4  setosa

如果要在一个步骤中操作和重命名一系列列，请try across()中的参数.names.

df %>%
  mutate(across(Sepal.Length:Petal.Length, ~ .x * 10,
                .names = "x{seq_along(.col)}"),
         .keep = "unused", .after = 1)

  x1 x2 x3 Petal.Width Species
1 51 35 14         0.2  setosa
2 49 30 14         0.2  setosa
3 47 32 13         0.2  setosa
4 46 31 15         0.2  setosa
5 50 36 14         0.2  setosa
6 54 39 17         0.4  setosa

Hint: You can use seq_along() to create a sequence 1, 2, ... along with the selected columns, or match() to get the positions of the selected columns in the data, i.e.
.names = "x{match(.col, names(df))}".