我正在用PowerShell编写一个修改XML文件的脚本.我以前并没有真正使用过XML，所以我正在摸索这个过程.我了解了如何加载、搜索、插入元素和属性以及保存更改.我遇到的问题是，当我保存更改时，原始XML文件的格式不会保留.尤其是名称空间行，正遭到相当严重的 destruct .对于其他一些上下文，我正在使用位于conf文件夹中的Apache Tomcat web.xml文件.
以下是原始XML文件的片段，其中省略了一些行，以便让您对原始格式有一个了解:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->
<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
</web-app>
我try 了很多方法，结果各不相同，但没有一个是令人满意的.我想在元素下面插入一些元素并保存更改，保留上面代码片段中显示的原始格式.这个问题与我正在进行的编辑无关，因为我try 加载XML文件并立即保存.我发现，在保存格式时，根据我try 的内容，格式会以这样或那样的方式被销毁.
我一直在使用.NET System.Xml.XmlDocument类加载和保存该XML文件.我还try 使用XmlWriter和XmlWritterSetting类.
以下是我try 过的方法和结果.
代码:
$webXml = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmlPath = "C:\path\to\web.xml"
$xmlDoc.Load($xmlPath)
$webXml.Save($xmlPath)
结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->
<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
</web-app>
代码:
$webXml = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$webXml.PreserveWhitespace = $true
$xmlPath = "C:\path\to\web.xml"
$xmlDoc.Load($xmlPath)
$webXml.Save($xmlPath)
结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->
<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
</web-app>
代码:
$xmlDoc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmlPath = "C:\path\to\web.xml"
$xmlDoc.Load($xmlPath)
# Create a new instance of XmlWriterSettings and set the properties
$settings.Indent = $true
$settings.IndentChars = "`t"
$settings.NewLineChars = "`r`n"
$settings.NewLineHandling = [System.Xml.NewLineHandling]::Replace
$settings.Encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
# Create a new instance of XmlWriter and save the document
$writer = [System.Xml.XmlWriter]::Create($xmlPath, $settings)
$xmlDoc.Save($writer)
$writer.Flush()
$writer.Close()
结果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->
<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
</web-app>
代码:
# Load the XML document
$xmlDoc = New-Object System.Xml.XmlDocument
$xmlPath = "C:\path\to\web.xml"
$xmlDoc.Load($xmlPath)
# Create an XmlWriterSettings object with specified settings
$settings = New-Object System.Xml.XmlWriterSettings
$settings.Indent = $true
$settings.IndentChars = " "
$settings.NewLineChars = [Environment]::NewLine
$settings.NewLineHandling = [System.Xml.NewLineHandling]::Replace
$settings.OmitXmlDeclaration = $true
$settings.Encoding = New-Object System.Text.UTF8Encoding($false)
# Save the XML document with the specified settings
$writer = [System.Xml.XmlWriter]::Create($xmlPath, $settings)
$xmlDoc.Save($writer)
$writer.Close()
结果:
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
 http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0">
<!-- ======================== Introduction ============================== -->
<!-- This document defines default values for *all* web applications -->
<!-- loaded into this instance of Tomcat. As each application is -->
<!-- deployed, this file is processed, followed by the -->
<!-- "/WEB-INF/web.xml" deployment descriptor from your own -->
<!-- applications. -->
<!-- -->
<!-- WARNING: Do not configure application-specific resources here! -->
<!-- They should go in the "/WEB-INF/web.xml" file in your application. -->
<!-- ================== Built In Servlet Definitions ==================== -->
<!-- The default servlet for all web applications, that serves static -->
<!-- resources. It processes all requests that are not mapped to other -->
<!-- servlets with servlet mappings (defined either here or in your own -->
<!-- web.xml file). This servlet supports the following initialization -->
<!-- parameters (default values are in square brackets): -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>debug</param-name>
<param-value>0</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>listings</param-name>
<param-value>false</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
</web-app>
我被难住了.任何帮助都将不胜感激！