Javascript await Promise.all() 和多个 await 有什么区别

发布于07月25日

以下两者之间有什么区别吗

const [result1, result2] = await Promise.all([task1(), task2()]);

和

const t1 = task1();
const t2 = task2();

const result1 = await t1;
const result2 = await t2;

和

const [t1, t2] = [task1(), task2()];
const [result1, result2] = [await t1, await t2];

推荐答案

Note:

这个答案只涵盖了串联await和Promise.all之间的时序差异.一定要读到@mikep's comprehensive answer that also covers the more important differences in error handling.

为了回答这个问题，我将使用一些示例方法:

res(ms)是一个以毫秒为整数的函数，并返回在该整数毫秒之后解析的promise .
rej(ms)是一个以毫秒为整数的函数，它返回一个promise ，但在那许多毫秒之后拒绝.

拨打res会启动计时器.使用Promise.all等待少量延迟将在所有延迟结束后解决，但请记住它们是同时执行的:

_{Example #1}

const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), res(1000)])
//                              ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
//                               delay 1    delay 2    delay 3
//
// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========O                     delay 3
//
// =============================O Promise.all

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }

  const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), res(1000)])
  console.log(`Promise.all finished`, Date.now() - start)
}

example()

这意味着Promise.all将在3秒后与来自内部promise 的数据进行解析.

但是，Promise.all has a "fail fast" behavior:

_{Example #2}

const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), rej(1000)])
//                              ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^^^^
//                               delay 1    delay 2    delay 3
//
// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========X                     delay 3
//
// =========X                     Promise.all

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  function rej(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        reject()
        console.log(`rej #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  try {
    const data = await Promise.all([res(3000), res(2000), rej(1000)])
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(`Promise.all finished`, Date.now() - start)
  }
}

example()

如果改为使用async-await，则必须等待每个promise 按顺序解析，这可能效率较低:

_{Example #3}

const delay1 = res(3000)
const delay2 = res(2000)
const delay3 = rej(1000)

const data1 = await delay1
const data2 = await delay2
const data3 = await delay3

// ms ------1---------2---------3
// =============================O delay 1
// ===================O           delay 2
// =========X                     delay 3
//
// =============================X await

async function example() {
  const start = Date.now()
  let i = 0
  function res(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        resolve()
        console.log(`res #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  function rej(n) {
    const id = ++i
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      setTimeout(() => {
        reject()
        console.log(`rej #${id} called after ${n} milliseconds`, Date.now() - start)
      }, n)
    })
  }
  
  try {
    const delay1 = res(3000)
    const delay2 = res(2000)
    const delay3 = rej(1000)

    const data1 = await delay1
    const data2 = await delay2
    const data3 = await delay3
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(`await finished`, Date.now() - start)
  }
}

example()