我正在用ASP.NETWebAPI开发睡觉API.我的API将只能通过非基于浏览器的客户端访问.我需要为我的API实现安全性,所以我决定使用基于令牌的身份验证.我对基于令牌的身份验证有一定的了解,也读过一些教程,但它们都有一些用于登录的用户界面.我不需要任何用户界面登录,因为登录细节将由客户端通过HTTP POST传递,HTTP POST将从我们的数据库中授权.如何在API中实现基于令牌的身份验证?请注意-我的API将被访问的频率很高,所以我还必须注意性能. 如果我能解释得更清楚,请告诉我.
我正在用ASP.NETWebAPI开发睡觉API.我的API将只能通过非基于浏览器的客户端访问.我需要为我的API实现安全性,所以我决定使用基于令牌的身份验证.我对基于令牌的身份验证有一定的了解,也读过一些教程,但它们都有一些用于登录的用户界面.我不需要任何用户界面登录,因为登录细节将由客户端通过HTTP POST传递,HTTP POST将从我们的数据库中授权.如何在API中实现基于令牌的身份验证?请注意-我的API将被访问的频率很高,所以我还必须注意性能. 如果我能解释得更清楚,请告诉我.
我认为MVC和WebAPI之间的区别有些混淆.简而言之,对于MVC,您可以使用登录表单并使用cookie创建会话.对于Web Api,没有会话.这就是为什么你想使用 token .
您不需要登录表单.您只需要令牌端点.就像Win描述的那样,您将把凭证发送到处理凭证的令牌端点.
下面是一些客户端C#代码,用于获取令牌:
//using System;
//using System.Collections.Generic;
//using System.Net;
//using System.Net.Http;
//string token = GetToken("https://localhost:<port>/", userName, password);
static string GetToken(string url, string userName, string password) {
var pairs = new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>
{
new KeyValuePair<string, string>( "grant_type", "password" ),
new KeyValuePair<string, string>( "username", userName ),
new KeyValuePair<string, string> ( "Password", password )
};
var content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(pairs);
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
using (var client = new HttpClient()) {
var response = client.PostAsync(url + "Token", content).Result;
return response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
要使用令牌,请将其添加到请求的标头中:
//using System;
//using System.Collections.Generic;
//using System.Net;
//using System.Net.Http;
//var result = CallApi("https://localhost:<port>/something", token);
static string CallApi(string url, string token) {
ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback += (sender, cert, chain, sslPolicyErrors) => true;
using (var client = new HttpClient()) {
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(token)) {
var t = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Token>(token);
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Clear();
client.DefaultRequestHeaders.Add("Authorization", "Bearer " + t.access_token);
}
var response = client.GetAsync(url).Result;
return response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
}
}
其中Token是:
//using Newtonsoft.Json;
class Token
{
public string access_token { get; set; }
public string token_type { get; set; }
public int expires_in { get; set; }
public string userName { get; set; }
[JsonProperty(".issued")]
public string issued { get; set; }
[JsonProperty(".expires")]
public string expires { get; set; }
}
现在来看服务器端:
在初创阶段.啊.反恐精英
var oAuthOptions = new OAuthAuthorizationServerOptions
{
TokenEndpointPath = new PathString("/Token"),
Provider = new ApplicationOAuthProvider("self"),
AccessTokenExpireTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromDays(14),
// https
AllowInsecureHttp = false
};
// Enable the application to use bearer tokens to authenticate users
app.UseOAuthBearerTokens(oAuthOptions);
在ApplicationAuthProvider中.cs实际授予或拒绝访问的代码:
//using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;
//using Microsoft.Owin.Security;
//using Microsoft.Owin.Security.OAuth;
//using System;
//using System.Collections.Generic;
//using System.Security.Claims;
//using System.Threading.Tasks;
public class ApplicationOAuthProvider : OAuthAuthorizationServerProvider
{
private readonly string _publicClientId;
public ApplicationOAuthProvider(string publicClientId)
{
if (publicClientId == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("publicClientId");
_publicClientId = publicClientId;
}
public override async Task GrantResourceOwnerCredentials(OAuthGrantResourceOwnerCredentialsContext context)
{
var userManager = context.OwinContext.GetUserManager<ApplicationUserManager>();
var user = await userManager.FindAsync(context.UserName, context.Password);
if (user == null)
{
context.SetError("invalid_grant", "The user name or password is incorrect.");
return;
}
ClaimsIdentity oAuthIdentity = await user.GenerateUserIdentityAsync(userManager);
var propertyDictionary = new Dictionary<string, string> { { "userName", user.UserName } };
var properties = new AuthenticationProperties(propertyDictionary);
AuthenticationTicket ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(oAuthIdentity, properties);
// Token is validated.
context.Validated(ticket);
}
public override Task TokenEndpoint(OAuthTokenEndpointContext context)
{
foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> property in context.Properties.Dictionary)
{
context.AdditionalResponseParameters.Add(property.Key, property.Value);
}
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
public override Task ValidateClientAuthentication(OAuthValidateClientAuthenticationContext context)
{
// Resource owner password credentials does not provide a client ID.
if (context.ClientId == null)
context.Validated();
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
public override Task ValidateClientRedirectUri(OAuthValidateClientRedirectUriContext context)
{
if (context.ClientId == _publicClientId)
{
var expectedRootUri = new Uri(context.Request.Uri, "/");
if (expectedRootUri.AbsoluteUri == context.RedirectUri)
context.Validated();
}
return Task.FromResult<object>(null);
}
}
正如您所见,在检索令牌时没有涉及控制器.事实上,如果您只想要一个Web Api,就可以删除所有MVC引用.我简化了服务器端代码,使其更具可读性.您可以添加代码来升级安全性.
确保您只使用SSL.实现RequireHttpsAttribute以强制执行此操作.
您可以使用Authorize/AllowAnonymous属性来保护Web Api.此外,您还可以添加过滤器(如RequireHttpAttribute),以使Web Api更安全.我希望这有帮助.