NumPy - 排序&搜索&计数

NumPy中提供了与排序相关的各种功能，这些排序功能实现了不同的排序算法，每个算法的特征在于执行速度，最坏情况下的性能，所需的工作空间以及算法的稳定性。下表显示了三种排序算法的比较。

numpy.sort()

sort()函数返回输入数组的排序副本。它具有以下参数-

numpy.sort(a, axis, kind, order)

import numpy as np  
a = np.array([[3,7],[9,1]]) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a 
print '\n'

print 'Applying sort() function:' 
print np.sort(a) 
print '\n' 
  
print 'Sort along axis 0:' 
print np.sort(a, axis = 0) 
print '\n'  

# 排序函数中的顺序参数
dt = np.dtype([('name', 'S10'),('age', int)]) 
a = np.array([("raju",21),("anil",25),("ravi", 17), ("amar",27)], dtype = dt) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a 
print '\n'  

print 'Order by name:' 
print np.sort(a, order = 'name')

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[[3 7]
 [9 1]]

Applying sort() function:
[[3 7]
 [1 9]]

Sort along axis 0:
[[3 1]
 [9 7]]

Our array is:
[('raju', 21) ('anil', 25) ('ravi', 17) ('amar', 27)]

Order by name:
[('amar', 27) ('anil', 25) ('raju', 21) ('ravi', 17)]

numpy.argsort()

numpy.argsort()函数沿给定轴并使用指定种类的排序对输入数组执行间接排序，以返回数据索引数组。

import numpy as np 
x = np.array([3, 1, 2]) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print x 
print '\n'  

print 'Applying argsort() to x:' 
y = np.argsort(x) 
print y 
print '\n'  

print 'Reconstruct original array in sorted order:' 
print x[y] 
print '\n'  

print 'Reconstruct the original array using loop:' 
for i in y: 
   print x[i],

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[3 1 2]

Applying argsort() to x:
[1 2 0]

Reconstruct original array in sorted order:
[1 2 3]

Reconstruct the original array using loop:
1 2 3

numpy.lexsort()

函数使用一系列键执行间接排序，键可以视为电子表格中的一列，该函数返回一个索引数组，通过该数组可以获取排序的数据。

import numpy as np 

nm = ('raju','anil','ravi','amar') 
dv = ('f.y.', 's.y.', 's.y.', 'f.y.') 
ind = np.lexsort((dv,nm)) 

print 'Applying lexsort() function:' 
print ind 
print '\n'  

print 'Use this index to get sorted data:' 
print [nm[i] + ", " + dv[i] for i in ind] 

它将产生以下输出-

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Applying lexsort() function:
[3 1 0 2]

Use this index to get sorted data:
['amar, f.y.', 'anil, s.y.', 'raju, f.y.', 'ravi, s.y.']

NumPy模块具有许多用于在数组内部进行搜索的功能。可以找到最大值，最小值以及满足给定条件的元素的功能。

numpy.argmax/argmin()

这两个函数分别沿给定轴返回最大和最小元素的索引。

import numpy as np 
a = np.array([[30,40,70],[80,20,10],[50,90,60]]) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a 
print '\n' 

print 'Applying argmax() function:' 
print np.argmax(a) 
print '\n'  

print 'Index of maximum number in flattened array' 
print a.flatten() 
print '\n'  

print 'Array containing indices of maximum along axis 0:' 
maxindex = np.argmax(a, axis = 0) 
print maxindex 
print '\n'  

print 'Array containing indices of maximum along axis 1:' 
maxindex = np.argmax(a, axis = 1) 
print maxindex 
print '\n'  

print 'Applying argmin() function:' 
minindex = np.argmin(a) 
print minindex 
print '\n'  
   
print 'Flattened array:' 
print a.flatten()[minindex] 
print '\n'  

print 'Flattened array along axis 0:' 
minindex = np.argmin(a, axis = 0) 
print minindex
print '\n'

print 'Flattened array along axis 1:' 
minindex = np.argmin(a, axis = 1) 
print minindex

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[[30 40 70]
 [80 20 10]
 [50 90 60]]

Applying argmax() function:
7

Index of maximum number in flattened array
[30 40 70 80 20 10 50 90 60]

Array containing indices of maximum along axis 0:
[1 2 0]

Array containing indices of maximum along axis 1:
[2 0 1]

Applying argmin() function:
5

Flattened array:
10

Flattened array along axis 0:
[0 1 1]

Flattened array along axis 1:
[0 2 0]

numpy.nonzero()

numpy.nonzero()函数返回输入数组中非零元素的索引。

import numpy as np 
a = np.array([[30,40,0],[0,20,10],[50,0,60]]) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print a 
print '\n'  

print 'Applying nonzero() function:' 
print np.nonzero (a)

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[[30 40 0]
 [ 0 20 10]
 [50 0 60]]

Applying nonzero() function:
(array([0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2]), array([0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2]))

numpy.where()

where()函数返回满足给定条件的输入数组中元素的索引。

import numpy as np 
x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print x  

print 'Indices of elements > 3' 
y = np.where(x > 3) 
print y  

print 'Use these indices to get elements satisfying the condition' 
print x[y]

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[[ 0. 1. 2.]
 [ 3. 4. 5.]
 [ 6. 7. 8.]]

Indices of elements > 3
(array([1, 1, 2, 2, 2]), array([1, 2, 0, 1, 2]))

Use these indices to get elements satisfying the condition
[ 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.]

numpy.extract()

extract()函数返回满足任何条件的元素。

import numpy as np 
x = np.arange(9.).reshape(3, 3) 

print 'Our array is:' 
print x  

# define a condition 
condition = np.mod(x,2) == 0 

print 'Element-wise value of condition' 
print condition  

print 'Extract elements using condition' 
print np.extract(condition, x)

它将产生以下输出-

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Our array is:
[[ 0. 1. 2.]
 [ 3. 4. 5.]
 [ 6. 7. 8.]]

Element-wise value of condition
[[ True False True]
 [False True False]
 [ True False True]]

Extract elements using condition
[ 0. 2. 4. 6. 8.]