F# - 事件类型

事件允许类之间相互发送和接收消息，对象通过同步消息传递相互通信。

事件类和事件模块

Control.Event <'T>类有助于创建可观察的对象或事件。

Control.Event模块提供用于管理事件流的功能-

创建事件

事件是通过 Event 类创建和使用的， Event构造函数用于创建事件。

type Worker(name : string, shift : string) =
   let mutable _name = name;
   let mutable _shift = shift;
   let nameChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)
   let shiftChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)

   member this.Name
      with get() = _name
      and set(value) = _name <- value

   member this.Shift
      with get() = _shift
      and set(value) = _shift <- value

之后，您需要将nameChanged字段公开为公共成员，以便侦听器可以挂接到该事件，您可以使用事件的 Publish 属性-

type Worker(name : string, shift : string) =
   let mutable _name = name;
   let mutable _shift = shift;

   let nameChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)
   let shiftChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)

   member this.NameChanged = nameChanged.Publish (* exposed event handler *)
   member this.ShiftChanged = shiftChanged.Publish (* exposed event handler *)

   member this.Name
      with get() = _name
      and set(value) = _name <- value
      nameChanged.Trigger() (* invokes event handler *)

   member this.Shift
      with get() = _shift
      and set(value) = _shift <- value
   shiftChanged.Trigger() (* invokes event handler *)

接下来，将回调添加到事件处理程序，每个事件处理程序的类型都是IEvent <'T>，它提供了几种方法-

以下示例演示了上面讨论的概念和技术-

无涯教程网

type Worker(name : string, shift : string) =
   let mutable _name = name;
   let mutable _shift = shift;

   let nameChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)
   let shiftChanged = new Event<unit>() (* creates event *)

   member this.NameChanged = nameChanged.Publish (* exposed event handler *)
   member this.ShiftChanged = shiftChanged.Publish (* exposed event handler *)

   member this.Name
      with get() = _name
      and set(value) = 
         _name <- value
         nameChanged.Trigger() (* invokes event handler *)

   member this.Shift
      with get() = _shift
      and set(value) = 
         _shift <- value
         shiftChanged.Trigger() (* invokes event handler *)

let wk = new Worker("Wilson", "Evening")
wk.NameChanged.Add(fun () -> printfn "Worker changed name! New name: %s" wk.Name)
wk.Name <- "William"
wk.NameChanged.Add(fun () -> printfn "-- Another handler attached to NameChanged!")
wk.Name <- "Bill"

wk.ShiftChanged.Add(fun () -> printfn "Worker changed shift! New shift: %s" wk.Shift)
wk.Shift <- "Morning"
wk.ShiftChanged.Add(fun () -> printfn "-- Another handler attached to ShiftChanged!")
wk.Shift <- "Night"

编译并执行程序时，将产生以下输出-

Worker changed name! New name: William
Worker changed name! New name: Bill
-- Another handler attached to NameChanged!
Worker changed shift! New shift: Morning
Worker changed shift! New shift: Night
-- Another handler attached to ShiftChanged!