Tcl - 运算符

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运算符是一个符号,告诉编译器执行特定的数学或逻辑操作。 Tcl语言具有丰富的内置运算符,并提供以下类型的运算符-

  • 算术运算符
  • 关系运算符
  • 逻辑运算符
  • 按位运算符
  • 三元运算符
Types of Operators

本章将逐一说明算术,关系,逻辑,按位和三元运算符。

算术运算符

下表显示了Tcl语言支持的所有算术运算符。假设变量A=10,变量 B=20,则-

OperatorRemarkExample
+A + B=30
-A - B=-10
*A * B=200
/B/A=2
%取模B % A=0
#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a 21
set b 10
set c [expr $a + $b]
puts "Line 1 - Value of c is $c\n"
set c [expr $a - $b]
puts "Line 2 - Value of c is $c\n"
set c [expr $a * $b]
puts "Line 3 - Value of c is $c\n"
set c [expr $a/$b]
puts "Line 4 - Value of c is $c\n"
set c [expr $a % $b]
puts "Line 5 - Value of c is $c\n"

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Line 1 - Value of c is 31

Line 2 - Value of c is 11

Line 3 - Value of c is 210

Line 4 - Value of c is 2

Line 5 - Value of c is 1

关系运算符

下表显示了Tcl语言支持的所有关系运算符。假设变量 A=10,变量 B=20,则-

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OperatorRemarkExample
==相等(A == B) is not true.
!=不相等(A != B) is true.
>大于(A > B) is not true.
<小于(A < B) is true.
>=大于或等于(A >= B) is not true.
<=小于或等于(A <= B) is true.

尝试以下示例以了解Tcl语言中可用的所有关系运算符-

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a 21
set b 10

if { $a == $b } {
   puts "Line 1 - a is equal to b\n"
} else {
   puts "Line 1 - a is not equal to b\n" 
}
if { $a < $b } {
   puts "Line 2 - a is less than b\n"
} else {
   puts "Line 2 - a is not less than b\n"
}
if { $a > $b } {
   puts "Line 3 - a is greater than b\n"
} else {
   puts "Line 3 - a is not greater than b\n"
}
# Lets change value of a and b
set a 5
set b 20
if { $a <= $b } {
   puts "Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b\n"
}
if { $b >= $a } {
   puts "Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to a\n"
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Line 1 - a is not equal to b

Line 2 - a is not less than b

Line 3 - a is greater than b

Line 4 - a is either less than or equal to  b

Line 5 - b is either greater than  or equal to a

逻辑运算符

下表显示了Tcl语言支持的所有逻辑运算符。假设变量 A=1,变量 B=0,则-

OperatorRemarkExample
&&逻辑and(A && B) is false.
||逻辑 or (A || B) is true.
!逻辑非!(A && B) is true.

尝试以下示例以了解Tcl语言中可用的所有逻辑运算符-

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a  5
set b 20

if { $a && $b } {
   puts "Line 1 - Condition is true\n"
}
if { $a || $b } {
   puts "Line 2 - Condition is true\n"
}
# lets change the value of  a and b 
set a  0
set b 10
if { $a && $b } {
   puts "Line 3 - Condition is true\n"
} else {
   puts "Line 3 - Condition is not true\n" 
}
if { !($a && $b) } {
   puts "Line 4 - Condition is true\n" 
}

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Line 1 - Condition is true

Line 2 - Condition is true

Line 3 - Condition is not true

Line 4 - Condition is true

按位运算符

pqp & qp | qp ^ q
00000
01011
11110
10011

假设A=60;和B=13;现在以二进制格式,它们将如下所示-

A=0011 1100

B=0000 1101

----------------------

A&B=0000 1100

A | B=0011 1101

A ^ B=0011 0001

下表列出了Tcl语言支持的按位运算符。假设变量 A 保持60,变量 B 保持13,则-

OperatorRemarkExample
&按位 and(A & B)=12, which is 0000 1100
|按位 or(A | B)=61, which is 0011 1101
^按位 异域(A ^ B)=49, which is 0011 0001
<<左移A << 2 =240, which is 1111 0000
>>右移A >> 2 =15, which is 0000 1111
#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a 60  ;# 60=0011 1100   
set b 13  ;# 13=0000 1101 

set c [expr $a & $b] ;# 12=0000 1100 
puts "Line 1 - Value of c is $c\n"

set c [expr $a | $b;] ;# 61=0011 1101 
puts "Line 2 - Value of c is $c\n"

set c [expr $a ^ $b;] ;# 49=0011 0001 
puts "Line 3 - Value of c is $c\n"

set c [expr $a << 2] ;# 240=1111 0000 
puts "Line 4 - Value of c is $c\n"

set c [expr $a >> 2] ;# 15=0000 1111 
puts "Line 5 - Value of c is $c\n"

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Line 1 - Value of c is 12

Line 2 - Value of c is 61

Line 3 - Value of c is 49

Line 4 - Value of c is 240

Line 5 - Value of c is 15

三元运算符

Operator
RemarkExample
? :三元组如果条件为真?然后取值X:否则取值Y

尝试以下示例以了解Tcl语言中可用的三元运算符-

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a 10;
set b [expr $a == 1 ? 20: 30]
puts "Value of b is $b\n"
set b [expr $a == 10 ? 20: 30]
puts "Value of b is $b\n" 

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Value of b is 30

Value of b is 20

Tcl优先级

运算符优先级确定表达式中术语的分组。

CategoryOperatorAssociativity
Unary+ -Right to left
Multiplicative*/%Left to right
Additive+ -Left to right
Shift<< >>Left to right
Relational< <= > >=Left to right
Bitwise AND&Left to right
Bitwise XOR^Left to right
Bitwise OR|Left to right
Logical AND&&Left to right
Logical OR||Left to right
Ternary?:Right to left

尝试以下示例以了解Tcl语言中可用的运算符优先级-

#!/usr/bin/tclsh

set a 20
set b 10
set c 15
set d 5

set  e [expr [expr $a + $b] * $c/$d ]     ;# ( 30 * 15 )/5
puts "Value of (a + b) * c/d is : $e\n"

set  e [expr  [expr [expr $a + $b] * $c]/$d]   ;#  (30 * 15 )/5]
puts "Value of ((a + b) * c)/d is  : $e\n"

set  e  [expr [expr $a + $b] * [expr $c/$d] ]   ;# (30) * (15/5)
puts "Value of (a + b) * (c/d) is  : $e\n"

set  e  [expr $a + [expr $b * $c ]/$d ] ;#  20 + (150/5)
puts "Value of a + (b * c)/d is  :  $e\n" 

当您编译并执行上述程序时,它将产生以下输出-

Value of (a + b) * c/d is : 90

Value of ((a + b) * c)/d is  : 90

Value of (a + b) * (c/d) is  : 90

Value of a + (b * c)/d is  :  50

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