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Spring Boot - RESTful 服务

Spring Boot为构建企业应用程序的RESTful Web服务提供了很好的支持，本章将详细说明有关使用Spring Boot构建RESTful Web服务的信息。

如果您是Maven用户，请使用以下代码在您的 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项-

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>    
</dependency>

如果您是Gradle用户，请使用以下代码在您的 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')

下面给出了完整构建配置文件 Maven构建– pom.xml 的代码-

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.learnfk</groupId>
   <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>demo</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
   
   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.8.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath/> 
   </parent>
   
   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>
   
   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>
   
   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
   
</project>

下面给出了完整构建配置文件 Gradle Build – build.gradle 的代码-

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.8.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

group = 'com.learnfk'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web')
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}

在继续构建RESTful Web服务之前，建议您了解以下注释-

Rest Controller(控制器)

@RestController批注用于定义RESTful Web服务。它提供JSON，XML和自定义响应。其语法如下所示-

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController { 
}

Request Mapping(路由映射)

@RequestMapping批注用于定义请求URI来访问REST方法。默认请求方法是GET。

@RequestMapping(value="/products")
public ResponseEntity<Object> getProducts() { }

Request Body(请求内容)

@RequestBody批注用于定义请求正文内容类型。

public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
}

Path Variable(路径变量)

@PathVariable批注用于定义自定义或动态请求URI。请求URI中的Path变量定义为大括号{}，如下所示-

public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id) {
}

Request Parameter(请求参数)

@RequestParam批注用于从请求URL读取请求参数。默认情况下，它是必需参数。无涯教程还可以为请求参数设置默认值，如下所示:

public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct(
   @RequestParam(value="name", required=false, defaultValue="honey") String name) {
}

GET API

下面显示了定义HTTP GET请求方法的示例代码。在此示例中，使用HashMap来存储产品。请注意使用POJO类作为要存储的产品。

在这里，请求URI为/products ，它将返回HashMap存储库中的产品列表，下面给出了包含GET方法REST Endpoint的控制器类文件。

package com.learnfk.demo.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.learnfk.demo.model.Product;

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   static {
      Product honey = new Product();
      honey.setId("1");
      honey.setName("Honey");
      productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
      
      Product almond = new Product();
      almond.setId("2");
      almond.setName("Almond");
      productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
   }
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products")
   public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct() {
      return new ResponseEntity<>(productRepo.values(), HttpStatus.OK);
   }
}

POST API

以下示例显示了用于定义HTTP POST请求方法的示例代码。在此示例中，使用HashMap来存储产品，其中产品是POJO类。

在这里，请求URI是/products ，在将产品存储到HashMap存储库后，它将返回String字符串。

package com.learnfk.demo.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.learnfk.demo.model.Product;

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products", method = RequestMethod.POST)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
      productRepo.put(product.getId(), product);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is created successfully", HttpStatus.CREATED);
   }
}

PUT API

下面给出的示例显示了如何定义HTTP PUT请求方法。在此示例中，使用HashMap来更新现有产品，其中产品是POJO类。

这里的请求URI是/products/{id} ，它将把产品后的String返回到HashMap存储库中。请注意，使用了路径变量 {id} 来定义需要更新的产品ID。

package com.learnfk.demo.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import com.learnfk.demo.model.Product;

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id, @RequestBody Product product) { 
      productRepo.remove(id);
      product.setId(id);
      productRepo.put(id, product);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is updated successsfully", HttpStatus.OK);
   }   
}

DELETE API

下面给出的示例显示了如何定义HTTP DELETE请求方法。在此示例中，使用HashMap删除了现有产品，即POJO类。

请求URI为/products/{id} ，从HashMap存储库删除产品后，它将返回String。使用了路径变量 {id} ，该变量定义了需要删除的产品ID。

package com.learnfk.demo.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.learnfk.demo.model.Product;

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> delete(@PathVariable("id") String id) { 
      productRepo.remove(id);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is deleted successsfully", HttpStatus.OK);
   }
}

本节为您提供完整的源代码集。请遵守以下代码以了解其各自的功能-

Spring Boot 主应用类 – DemoApplication.java

package com.learnfk.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
   }
}

POJO类– Product.java

package com.learnfk.demo.model;

public class Product {
   private String id;
   private String name;

   public String getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setId(String id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }
   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
}

Rest Controller 类 – ProductServiceController.java

package com.learnfk.demo.controller;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.learnfk.demo.model.Product;

@RestController
public class ProductServiceController {
   private static Map<String, Product> productRepo = new HashMap<>();
   static {
      Product honey = new Product();
      honey.setId("1");
      honey.setName("Honey");
      productRepo.put(honey.getId(), honey);
      
      Product almond = new Product();
      almond.setId("2");
      almond.setName("Almond");
      productRepo.put(almond.getId(), almond);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> delete(@PathVariable("id") String id) { 
      productRepo.remove(id);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is deleted successsfully", HttpStatus.OK);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> updateProduct(@PathVariable("id") String id, @RequestBody Product product) { 
      productRepo.remove(id);
      product.setId(id);
      productRepo.put(id, product);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is updated successsfully", HttpStatus.OK);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products", method = RequestMethod.POST)
   public ResponseEntity<Object> createProduct(@RequestBody Product product) {
      productRepo.put(product.getId(), product);
      return new ResponseEntity<>("Product is created successfully", HttpStatus.CREATED);
   }
   
   @RequestMapping(value = "/products")
   public ResponseEntity<Object> getProduct() {
      return new ResponseEntity<>(productRepo.values(), HttpStatus.OK);
   }
}