本章教您如何使用 Maven 管理基于Web的项目。在这里,您将学习如何创建/构建/部署和运行Web应用程序。
要创建一个简单的Java Web应用程序,无涯教程将使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件。因此,打开命令控制台,进入 C:\MVN 目录并执行以下 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId = com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId = trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId = maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode = false
Maven将开始处理,并将创建如下完整的基于Web的Java应用程序项目结构-
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'. [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style) [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate [INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping [INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}] [INFO] Generating project in Batch mode [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0 [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 16 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
现在转到C:/MVN目录。您将看到一个创建的Java应用程序项目,命名为trucks(在artifactId中指定),如以下快照所示。以下目录结构通常用于Web应用程序-
Maven使用标准目录布局。使用上面的示例,可以了解以下关键概念-
Sr.No. | Folder Structure & 描述 |
---|---|
1 | trucks 包含src文件夹和pom.xml。 |
2 | src/main/webapp 包含index.jsp和WEB-INF文件夹。 |
3 | src/main/webapp/WEB-INF 包含web.xml |
4 | src/main/resources 它包含图像/属性文件。 |
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId> <artifactId>trucks</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>trucks</finalName> </build> </project>
如果您进行观察,您会发现Maven还创建了一个样本JSP Source文件。
打开C:\> MVN>trucks> src> main> webapp>文件夹以使用以下代码查看index.jsp-
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> </body> </html>
打开命令控制台,转到C:\MVN\trucks目录,然后执行以下 mvn 命令。
C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package
Maven将开始构建该项目。
[INFO] Scanning for projects... [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp [INFO] task-segment: [clean, package] [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}] [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}] [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] Copying 0 resource [INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}] [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}] [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent! [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources [INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}] [INFO] No sources to compile [INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}] [INFO] No tests to run. [INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}] [INFO] Packaging webapp [INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks] [INFO] Processing war project [INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp] [INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs] [INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------- [INFO] Total time: 3 seconds [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012 [INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
现在,将在C:\> MVN> trucks> target>文件夹中创建的trucks.war复制到Web服务器的webapp目录中,然后重新启动Webserver。
使用URL运行Web应用程序: http://<server-name>:<port-number>/trucks/index.jsp.
验证输出。
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